Faculty Profiles - HARADA Toshinobu

Published Papers - HARADA Toshinobu

Division display >> ／ All the affair displays1 - 87 of about 87

TF-IDF 併記決定ルール群表示と形式概念分析を用いた決定ルール群構造可視化システムの開発

野口七海, 中村鴻成, 原田利宜（Part： Corresponding author )

日本感性工学会論文誌 2025.03 [Refereed]

Feature Extraction using Deep Learning and Analyses of Curvature on Facial Shapes across Two Races and between Males and Females

Daiki YAMADA, Toshinobu HARADA, Akira YAMADA, Nikhil SHAH, Emily CHWA, Sophia ALLISON （Part： Corresponding author )

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 2024.02 [Refereed]

DOI

Comparative Study between the Exploration of Diverse Solutions by CVAE and JMVAE for Eyeglass Design

Katsuki MOROMUGI, Toshinobu HARADA （Part： Corresponding author )

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 22 ( 1 ) 1 - 10 2023.01 [Refereed]

DOI

Feature Analysis of Impressions around Women’s Eyes and Eyebrows using Neural Network

Yusuke UENO, Toshinobu HARADA, Yohei ISHIGURO （Part： Corresponding author )

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 22 ( 1 ) 11 - 20 2023.01 [Refereed]

DOI

ラフ集合と形式概念分析を用いた包含関係併記決定ルール群表記法の提案

中村鴻成, 原田利宣（Part： Last author )

日本感性工学会論文誌 21 ( 1 ) 113 2022.03 [Refereed]

深層生成モデルによる印象語からのメガネデザイン生成システムの開発

諸麦克紀, 原田利宣（Part： Last author )

日本感性工学会論文誌 21 ( 1 ) 23 - 32 2022.03 [Refereed]

DOI

Analyses of characteristics of Japanese forehead shapes for Masculine / Feminine using deep learning

Saki OTSUDA, Toshinobu HARADA （Part： Last author )

日本感性工学会論文誌 2021.03 [Refereed]

Development of Simultaneous Inclusion and Correlation Visualization System Using Formal Concept Analysis and Quantification Theory Class III

SHIMADA Yusei, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 2019 [Refereed]

In recent years, while data mining has attracted attention, formal concept analysis has the disadvantage that although it can understand the inclusion relation between attributes, it doesn't know what kind of meaning or inclusion relation the attributes have. Therefore, in this study, the inclusion of the attributes and the visualization of the correlation are realized by combining the Hasse diagram by formal concept analysis and the layout diagram of the attribute of quantification theory type III for visualizing the meaning between the attributes. Moreover, in order to confirm usefulness of the proposed method, we developed a simultaneous visualization system of inclusion and correlation combining formal concept analysis and quantification theory type III, and evaluated the proposed method using verification data. As a result, it was confirmed that useful information that can't be obtained only by formal concept analysis or quantification theory type III can be extracted.

DOI

Analyses and Visualization of Characteristics of Car Body Types by Using Convolutional Neural Network

TANAKA Syuntaro, HARADA Toshinobu, ONO Kenji

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 18 ( 1 ) 113 - 121 2019 [Refereed]

The cars are classified by cars' body types. However the characteristics are basically similar at first sight, so it is difficult to distinguish the differences among those cars' body types. Therefore, in this study, we considered that cars' characteristics could be analyzed by using deep learning and image recognition technology, developed a system to visualize the judgment and characteristic parts of cars' body types. Specifically, we made renderings of the CG model of 30 cars by setting 360 viewpoints in 1 degree increments around each car. Deep learning was performed using these 2D images as teacher signals. The car body type recognition probability of each angle is graphed, and the characteristic parts of each car body type are visualized. As a result, we clarified the visual angles and the pars contributing the judgment of cars' body types.

DOI

Preference Analyses of Luxury Brands' Web Page Designs using Conceptual Structure Visualization System

SAKOU Issei, SHIRAKO Chie, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 17 ( 4 ) 425 - 435 2018 [Refereed]

In previous studies, we developed the conceptual structure visualization system (CSVS) by combining rough set theory and formal concept analysis. Furthermore, using CSVS, we found “conflict effect”, “neutralizing effect” and “separation effect” as characteristic conceptual structures that were difficult to find by using conventional methods. In this study, we aimed to verify the practicality of CSVS by analyses for data that is larger than data on previous studies, and to find the characteristic conceptual structure by using CSVS. First, we selected web page designs of luxury brands as case studies, and we conducted questionnaire survey related to preference for 12 web page designs with 46 female subjects. Next, we visualized and analyzed characteristic of conceptual structures of subjects' preferences using CSVS. And we confirmed that CSVS was available to find conceptual structures of preferences. In addition, we discovered new characteristic conceptual structure like compound of “conflict effect” and “neutralizing effect”.

DOI

Clarification of the Relationship between Proportion Items and Impressions of 1.5 BOX Mini-car Design

MINAMIMOTO Sho, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 17 ( 1 ) 139 - 148 2017 [Refereed]

Designers consider cars' proportions using their past experiences and knowledges. However, designers may not search for all patterns of proportion satisfy requirements. In this paper, we aimed to clarify relationships between mini-cars' proportion items and users' impressions. First, we clarified correlations among the proportion items of existing 25 mini-cars using principal component analysis, and created 9 mini-cars' images using the design of experiments. Second, we conducted impression evaluation experiments for 95 subjects using the images. As a result, we clarified relationships between the proportion items and subjects' impressions. Third, we classified subjects into 6 clusters using the difference of their preferences, and clarified the patterns of proportion items that each cluster's subjects feel attractive. Finally, we conducted the evaluation re-experiment for 2 clusters' 20 subjects using the images with the patterns of proportion items preferred by them. As a result, we found strong correlations between mini-cars' heights and their preferences.

DOI

Comparison and Visualization of Affective Information on Two Liquors' Reviews on the Web Using Data Mining

TAKENOSHITA Ryo, HARADA Toshinobu, ONO Kenji

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 17 ( 1 ) 11 - 20 2017 [Refereed]

In the plan of the products, affective information is utilized with diversification of a life style. Then, in this research, we developed the system that visualizes the difference in affective layered structures of two liquors' reviews (hereafter, visualization system). Specifically, the development consists of the following steps. (1) The visualization system extracts affective words from the reviews on the web. (2) We create the decision table in rough set theory using affective words. (3) The visualization system visualizes the difference in affective layered structures of two liquors using decision rules from each decision table. We conducted the evaluation experiment of the visualization system for 10 subjects. We made five subjects summarize comparison results of two liquors' reviews using the visualization system, and made remaining five subjects summarize them without it. Consequently, the usefulness of the visualization system was verified from the summarized contents and the creation time of them.

DOI

Development of Conceptual Structure Visualization System Using Rough Set Theroy and Formal Concept Analysis

SAKOU Issei, HARADA Toshinobu （Part： Last author )

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 64 ( 3 ) 3_11 - 3_20 2017 [Refereed]

Rough set theory (RST) can get decision rules (DRs) that express relationship between condition attributes and decision attributes. However, RST has a weak point that it is difficult to grasp conceptual structures (inclusion relations) among several DRs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to combine RST and formal concept analysis (FCA) in order to make up for the weak points of RST, and propose analysis to find causal relation and inclusion relation that it is difficult to find by using two methods individually. Next, we developed a conceptual structure visualization system that executes two analytical methods simultaneously and projects DRs on Hasse diagram. Lastly, we verified usefulness of the system through comparing the results of analyses by using the system with the results without the system by using data in papers dealing with FCA or RST. And we confirmed that we can easily find conceptual structures not to be found by conventional methods with the system.

DOI

Visualization of Affective Layered Structures of Liquors' Reviews on the Web using Rough Set Theory

TAKENOSHITA Ryo, HARADA Toshinobu, ONO Kenji

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 16 ( 1 ) 19 - 28 2017 [Refereed]

In the plan of products, affective information is increasingly utilized with diversification of a life style. Then, in this research, we had developed the system that visualizes the affective layered structures of liquors' reviews using rough set theory (hereafter, visualization system). Specifically, the development consists of the following steps. (1) The visualization system extracts affective words from the reviews of mail order sites. (2) We create the decision table in rough set theory using affective words. (3) We visualize the affective layered structure using the computed decision rules from decision table. We conducted the evaluation experiment of the visualization system for 20 subjects. We made ten subjects the summary of liquor reviews using the visualization system, and made the remaining ten subjects the summary of them without the visualization system. Consequently, the usefulness of the visualization system was verified from the contents and the time for creation of the summary.

DOI

Study on the Attraction and the Comprehensibility of Icons Using Rough Set

Oono Shintaro, Kaneda Yukihiro, Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 62 ( 6 ) 6_61 - 6_68 2016 [Refereed]

By the spread of tablet in recent years, we can see a large variety of icons. However, the comprehensibility and the attraction of icons are different by the cognitive process and preference of the user. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the attraction and the comprehensibility of icons using the rough set in this study. Specifically, at first we investigated the attraction and comprehensibility of icons and extracted form elements (attribute values) to constitute icons. Next, we calculated decision rules of each subject using a rough set to clarify how the attribute values that we extracted influences the attraction and the comprehensibility. In addition, we classified subjects using cluster analysis by using co-occurrence rate between subjects with decision rules. Next, we extracted characteristic attribute values that subjects in each cluster felt attracted and comprehended. Finally we produced sample icons by using the characteristic attribute values and verified availability of these attribute values.

DOI

Analyses of the Characteristics of Japanese Bilateral Upper Eyelid Curves and Impressions of Masculine/Feminine

WATANABE Ryusuke, KAWAKAMI Mari, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 15 ( 3 ) 377 - 386 2016 [Refereed]

The eyes play a crucial role in defining the person's impression. However, there are still few studies of evaluation for the impressions of eye's form including the curve of bilateral upper eyelid. Thus, the aims of our study were to analyze and systematize the curve of bilateral upper eyelid using images of 100 Japanese subjects' eyes. Consequently, we classified the curves of males into 5 clusters and females into 6 clusters. Additionally, our study clarified the relationship between the impressions of masculine/feminine and the eye's form elements that consisted of the curves systematized the ratio of the width to height, etc. Concretely, we made 70 subjects to evaluate samples assembled with the eye's form elements by using design experiment. As a result of analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of main effects, we clarified that the bilateral upper eyelid were important form elements affecting the person's impression of masculine/feminine.

DOI

Analyses of the Comprehensibility and the Impressions of Dynamic Pictograms Using Color Expressions

Shintaro Ono and Toshinobu Harada （Part： Last author )

IASDR2015 2015.11 [Refereed]

Analyses of the characteristics of Japanese facial curves and creating the templates to improve outcomes in plastic surgical reconstruction

Toshinobu Harada, Akira Yamada

Journal of the Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan ( Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan ) 44 ( 3 ) 533 - 538 2015

Analyses of the Characteristics of Forehead Curves in Japanese Women and Creating Curve Templates to Improve Outcomes in Plastic Surgical Reconstruction

WATANABE Ryusuke, TAKEUCHI Mai, HARADA Toshinobu, YAMADA Akira

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 14 ( 1 ) 197 - 206 2015 [Refereed]

Creating beautiful curves of the forehead is considered to be the key to achieve optimal outcome of craniofacial plastic surgical reconstruction. However only subjective, or artistic techniques have been proposed in the past, therefore the outcomes of reconstruction seem to be entirely dependent on surgeon's ‘kansei’ or skills. Thus the aim our study were to analyze the curves of the forehead in 50 normal Japanese women, and classify the curves to create as a guide for total forehead reconstruction. To characterize the individual nature of the complex forehead curves, two key lines were abstracted from 3D data. Based on profile of curvature analysis, forehead curves were classified into 6 types in horizontal section line, and 2 types in meridian line. These classification were then used to develop curve templates as a guide for forehead construction. We applied these curve templates in complex craniofacial reconstruction and found that the outcome is very promising.

DOI

Abstraction of Visual Languages in Pictograms Using Color Expression and its Verification

ONO Shintaro, UENISHI Ayaka, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 14 ( 3 ) 391 - 400 2015 [Refereed]

Pictograms attract attention in supporting the non-verbal communication and using of interface icon. The existing pictograms are basically painted in monochrome. It was clarified from existing studies that we could clear the mean of pictograms using color expression. However, there were few studies which analyzed the relation between comprehensibility and color express of pictograms and few useful design indexes when painting colors of the pictogram. Then, this study aims to analyze comprehensibility of the pictograms using color expression and to abstract the visual languages. The visual languages are visual elements that composing the design of pictograms communicating information visually. Concretely, we clarified typical colors and color combinations of morphological elements in 20 pictograms conveying meanings of verbs. On the basis of this result, we investigated the relation between comprehensibility and color expression of pictograms by experimental design method. And, we abstracted the visual languages for painting colors of the pictogram and verified its usefulness. As a result, we have clarified the usefulness of some visual languages. However, the comprehensibility of some pictograms was decreased by colorization, we considered characteristics of those color expression.

DOI

Clarification of the Causes of the Unaesthetic Curved Surface Generation Based on Analyses of the Curves on Specular Reflected Images

Hirano Ryo, Harada Toshinobu, Inoue Jiro

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 61 ( 4 ) 4_85 - 4_94 2014 [Refereed]

In evaluation process of industrial products, designers evaluate curved surfaces using the specular reflected images on curved surfaces. However, designers have not been able to clarify control parameters' values that generate the intended specular reflected image before its modeling. Accordingly, designers have to search the curved surface generate's intended specular reflected image by adjusting roundness and torsion of the curved surface gradually using their intuition and experience. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed relations between log-aesthetic curved surfaces generated by 256 types of combinations of control parameters' values and specular reflected images and bewtween seven eye positions and specular reflected images. As a result, we clarified the control parameters' values and eye positions that generated unaesthetic curved surface among log-aesthetic curved surfaces.

DOI

Proposal of Design Indexes in Pictograms Using Dynamic Expression

OONO Shintaro, HARADA Toshinobu, MUNEMORI Jun

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 60 ( 1 ) 95 - 102 2013.05 [Refereed]

Pictograms are signs which convey meanings without using characters. They attract attention in supporting the non-verbal communication. However, there are few studies which analyzed the design. Therefore, designers must create them intuitively. In our previous study, we proposed the design indexes for "static pictograms" conveying meanings of verbs and verified its usefulness. As a result, we clarified that a limit was shown in expressing the pictograms of some verbs only with still pictures.Then, this study proposes the design indexes and the design method of the "dynamic pictograms" conveying meanings of verbs. Concretely, we analyzed intelligibility of the existing pictograms of 100 verbs through the questionnaire to 80 persons. On the basis of this result, we proposed the design indexes for the dynamic pictograms and verified its usefulness. Moreover, taking the result of our previous study into consideration, we proposed the design method for the dynamic pictograms and verified its usefulness.

DOI

Analyses of the Characteristics of Japanese External Noses' Curves and Creating Templates for the Plastic Surgical Reconstruction

HARADA Toshinobu, SATO Akira, YAMADA Akira

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 12 ( 4 ) 471 - 480 2013 [Refereed]

Plastic surgeons create of external noses based on their kansei. The outcome of the rhinoplasty depends on the surgeons' technique and artistic sense. We consider that reconstructing an external nose by using a template would solve the inconsistency of the outcome. However, there are few studies about curves of outlines of external noses. Thus, the aims of our study were to analyze curves of outlines of external noses of 84 normal subjects and to classify the curves in order to create templates as a guide for total nasal reconstruction. Concretely, we took photographs of 84 subjects' external noses and abstracted the curves of their profile outlines of external noses from the photographs by image processing. Next, we analyzed characteristics of the curves by using those profiles of curvature and classified the curves into 5 types of curves. Lastly we made innovative 380 (= 5 types × 76 sizes) nose templates based on our study in order to express the individual subtle differences of the reconstructed new nose.

DOI

A Study of Simulating Log-aesthetic Curved Surfaces under Various Light Source Environments with Augmented Reality

平野亮, 原田利宣, 床井浩平

情報処理学会論文誌 ( 情報処理学会 ) 53 ( 8 ) 2028 - 2035 2012.08 [Refereed]

In this study, we developed a simulation system that reproduced the light source environment in a real world with Augmented Reality, and simulated log-aesthetic curved surfaces in the system. Concretely, this system renders the curved surfaces using the result of spherical harmonics analysis of the light source environment image that is reflected on the metallic hemisphere in order to reproduce the diffuse reflection of the curved surface. Moreover, we experimented in the impression evaluation of the curved surfaces under various environments (fine, cloudy, and evening sun, etc.) with the developed systems and clarified the influence of the light source environment to the impression of curved surfaces.

日本人の人中形態の曲線分析

山田朗, 上田晃一, 秋山伸子, 原田利宣

日本口蓋裂学会雑誌 ( (一社)日本口蓋裂学会 ) 37 ( 2 ) 130 - 130 2012.04 [Refereed]

【日常形成外科診療における私の工夫-術前・術中編-】術中の工夫(アイディア) 小耳症における全耳介再建術の工夫

山田朗, 上田晃一, 原田利宣

PEPARS ( (株)全日本病院出版会 ) 0 ( 63 ) 77 - 94 2012.03 [Refereed]

小耳症に対する耳介再建術は、適切な訓練を積めば、造形的な楽しみを純粋に享受できる手術である。いわゆる造形との違いは、限られた肋軟骨量、限られた皮膚の表面積の中で形態を出すことが要求されることで、症例ごとの術前の詳細な評価、手術計画が成功の鍵を握る。全耳介再建の目標は、他人から、手術で作った耳と気付かれない自然な耳介を作ることにある。と筆者は考える。その意味で術後に、女性の自由なヘアスタイルを可能にする耳介は成功と言ってよい。耳介は顔面中央に位置する目、鼻、口唇(facial triangle)とは違い、他人の注意を引く部位には存在せず、Face maskのすぐ後ろに位置している。したがって、注意深い耳介の位置決めは、自然で作ったと気付かれないような、目立たない耳介再建を行う上で、極めて重要である。(著者抄録)

Decision Rule Visualization System for Knowledge Discovery by Means of the Rough Set Approach

OHKI Motoyuki, HARADA Toshinobu, INUIGUCHI Masahiro

Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics ( Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics ) 24 ( 2 ) 660 - 670 2012

Recently, the applications of rough set theory to real problems have been studied actively. However, when the number of induced decision rules by rough set approach is large, finding useful decision rules becomes often a formidable task. This fact may become a bottlenek in actual use of induced decision rules. In this study, we develop the decision rule visualization system for supporting the discovery of useful decision rules. The system visualizes decision rules having same conclusions in three-dimensional space using co-occurrence rates between atomic formulae and conclusions, those between atomic formulae and Hayashi's quantification method IV. An evaluation experiment is conducted. The results show that useful decision rules are discovered efficiently from many decision rules induced by the rough set approach. Some additional functions are implemented to the system in order to overcome the problems pointed out by examinees.

DOI

Development of the Product Recommendation System by Using Fuzzy AHP

INOUE Hiroko, HARADA Toshinobu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ( Japan Society of Kansei Engineering ) 11 ( 2 ) 255 - 263 2012 [Refereed]

Recently, recommendation systems and user reviews have attracted attention as aids in searching for desired products by using web information on the products. However, existing recommendation systems require analyzing a user's activity on the web and collecting information from many reviews. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a product recommendation system that does not have these requirements. We used digital cameras and earphones as case studies and, on the basis of perception-of-value information obtained from questionnaires to users, we applied an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to an analysis and calculated the degree-of-importance values of the evaluation items for each product. We then calculated the product evaluation values of each evaluation item by using user evaluations of products acquired from Kakaku.com Application Program Interface (API). We developed a system that decides the recommendation order of each product by multiplying the degree-of-importance values and evaluation values together by Fuzzy AHP.

DOI

Aesthetic curve analysis of the normal auricle: development of normal ear templates and its clinical application for total auricular reconstruction

山田朗, 原田利宣, 上田晃一

Japanese journal of plastic surgery ( 克誠堂出版 ) 54 ( 3 ) 251 - 259 2011.03 [Refereed]

Decision rule visualization for knowledge discovery by means of rough set approach.

Motoyuki Ohki, Masahiro Inuiguchi, Toshinobu Harada

2011 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing(GrC) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 502 - 507 2011 [Refereed]

DOI

Pictogram Design Support System Based on Information Analysis of "Verbs"

Oono Shintaro, Harada Toshinobu, Munemori Jun

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 58 ( 2 ) 55 - 64 2011 [Refereed]

In the spread of universal design, the necessity of pictograms rises as tools for the nonverbal communication. However, there are few studies developing the guides for designing the pictograms. Then, we aimed to develop the guides for designing the pictograms and a support system by using the guides. Concretely, we extracted key elements for twenty "verbs" selected and considered what kind of elements constructed the images of the "verbs". Next, we calculated information entropy of each "verbs" by using the probability of the presentment of the elements and classified the "verbs" into three types by the difference of the graphs of the information entropy. We developed the guides for designing the pictograms by considering the kinds of the elements and the types of the graphs. Furthermore, we developed the design support system using the guides and confirmed the availability of the system.

DOI

Analysis of the Characteristics of External Ears' Curves and the Development of the Templates

Harada Toshinobu, Yamada Akira, Sato Akira, Tomita Ikunari

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 57 ( 5 ) 21 - 26 2011 [Refereed]

Plastic surgeons create frame-works of external ears based on their kansei. The performances of the frame-works differ widely by surgeons' technique and artistic sense. Although the outcome of Yanada's external ear reconstruction using a single ear template is stable, it is too difficult to apply a single type of template to express the individual variations of patients' external ears. Thus, the aims of our study were to analyze curves of outlines of helix and antihelices of 50 normal subjects and to classify the curves in order to create templates as a guide for total ear reconstruction. Concretely, we took photographs of 50 subjects' external ears and abstracted the curves of their helix and antihelices from the photographs by image processing. Next, we analyzed characteristics of the curves by using those profiles of curvature and classified the curves into 3 types of curves in helix and 2 types of curves in antihelices. Lastly we made innovative 90(= 3 types*2 types*15 sizes) ear templates based on our study in order to express the individual subtle differences of the reconstructed new ear.

DOI

Development of a Support System for Making Design Concepts by Using Images in Web and Kansei Words

Harada Toshinobu, Miyao Kazuki

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 56 ( 6 ) 67 - 76 2010 [Refereed]

Design works contain not only the visual imaging phases but also the design concept making phases. Designers spend a lot of hours in making the design concepts that are important for designing efficiently. However, there are few systems for supporting the design works. Then, we aimed the development of a supporting system for making positioning maps of existing products in the early concept making phase. Actually, we developed the system that collected images of existing products in Web with the products' keywords and target kansei words. Next, we developed the system that applied PCA to analyze the collected images and showed the positioning maps of existing products to designers. Furthermore, we evaluated the availability of the system's functions for collecting URL of the images and kansei words. As a result, we clarified that the accuracy of image retrieval varied widely by combinations of products' keywords and kansei words. And, we surveyed the usability of the system by four subjects who experienced making the positioning maps, and improved the interface.

DOI

Proposal of an Analysis Method of Characteristics of Space Curves

Inoue Jiro, Harada Toshinobu, Imai Toshiyuki, Kojima Shiori

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 55 ( 5 ) 5_65 - 5_74 2009

At present, in the field of industrial design, it is too difficult for designers to control keylines as they become aesthetic curves by using existing CAD systems. Therefore, modelers must finish the clay models which are shaved from the 3D data. However, the work needs a great deal of labor. Then, the aims of this study were to propose of an analysis system of space curves and to clarify characteristics of aesthetic space curves. Concretely, first, we developed the analysis system of space curves. Second, we made logarithmic curvature graphs and logarithmic torsion graphs from radii of curvature and radii of torsion of space curves in several expressions and products. And we clarified characteristics of these space curves. Third, we analyzed the lines of curvature of some curved surfaces by applying this system. As a result, we clarified characteristics of the lines of curvature defining the curved surfaces, the connection positions, and the combinations.

DOI

Reconstruction of Rough Sketch by Connecting Visual Languages Aesthetically

Harada Toshinobu, Kono Masayuki

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 55 ( 5 ) 5_55 - 5_64 2009

At present, when designers create the curves applied for shape design, they input the curves in their sketches to the computer. Next, they approximate the curves by using spline curves in CAD. Furthennore, they modify the curvature change and obtain the available curves for shape design. However, there are little systems supporting the operations efficiently. Then, the aim of this study is to develop the system that can generate aesthetic curves from designers' sketches. First, we recognized the lines overlapped of the sketch as the figures and extracted "ToneMedian Lines (TMLs)" from them. Second, we divided TMLs into curves of monotone curvature and analyzed them. On the basis of these result, we replaced the curves with visual languages (VLs). Third, we placed VLs on their former positions and aesthetically connected them using knowledge got through analyses of mathematical expressions. As a result, we could obtain aesthetic curves from the sketches efficiently.

DOI

Characteristics of Aesthetic Space Curves and Generation of the Space Curves

HARADA Toshinobu

Journal of Japan Society for Design Engineering ( 日本設計工学会 ) 43 ( 10 ) 537 - 543 2008.10 [Refereed]

Classification of SNS Web Sites and Construction of Prototype Based on Users' Sense of Values

Miyao Kazuki, Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 55 ( 1 ) 81 - 90 2008 [Refereed]

Recentry, the number of users of social networking service sites (hereafter, SNS sites) is increasing quickly. However, many SNS sites emphasize the versatility of use, so many SNS sites are not always convenient for all users. Then, in this study, we clarified the relation between users' sense of values and functions of SNS sites, and aimed at developing some prototypes of optimum SNS sites for some users' sense of values. First, we classified 44 SNS sites operating in Japan into four clusters by quantification theory III and cluster analysis. Next, we conducted 101 subjects questionnaires about their purpose of use and impression of SNS sites, and evaluation questionnaires about nine samples of SNS sites made with design of experiment. In addition, we classified subjects by their purpose of use, and clarified the relationship between the purpose of use and the functions wanted by each subject cluster. As a result of verifying evaluations of SNS prototypes on the basis of the above result, we could show the possibility of controlling subject cluster's preference by optimization of function.

DOI

Thinning Method of Rough Sketch using Visual Language for Applying to a Plan

Kono Masayuki, Harada Toshinobu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 55 ( 1 ) 47 - 54 2008 [Refereed]

Till now, when designers create curves used for shape design, they input a set of points that compose curves in these sketches to a computer first. Next, the set of points is approximated using a spline curve in CAD. They correct the radius of curvature of the spline curve. However, there are few systems supporting the operations efficiently. The aim of our study was development of a new system that made aesthetic curves from the plans sketched by designers. First, we recognized the overlapped lines of a sketch as a figure and extracted "Tone Median Line(TML)" from the figure. Second, we divided TML into curves of monotone curvature and analyzed them. On the basis of these results, we identified visual languages(VLs). Lastly, we replaced TMLs by VLs on former positions, and obtained aesthetic curves. As a result, we could generate aesthetic curves efficiently.

DOI

Reconsideration of an Aesthetic Curve for Designers

Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 55 ( 2 ) 75 - 82 2008 [Refereed]

Primarily, it is essential skill for designers to draw an aesthetic curve. However, even had designers drawn an aesthetic curve, they frequently got a curve having no impression intended by a limitations of tools and CAD systems when they drew a plan. Then, this paper explains our studies concerning "what are aesthetic curves for designers?", "How do we generate and use the curves?" for contributing as a reference for designers. Concretely, first, curve's departmental denominations, conventional curve generation methods and problems in the methods are explained. Second, an outline of a quantitative analysis method for the characteristics of a curve is shown. The results of analyzing a lot of curves in natural products etc. using the methods are explained. And, on the basis of the results, curve's visual languages (VLs) are generated. Third, a few instances applying these VLs to product designs are shown, the possibility of the design method using them are verified.

DOI

Industrial Design and Aesthetic Space Curves

HARADA Toshinobu

Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering ( The Japan Society for Precision Engineering ) 73 ( 12 ) 1291 - 1294 2007.12 [Refereed] [Invited]

DOI

Extraction of Lines of Curvature and Analysis of Curves in the Natural Objects and Craftworks

Inoue Jiro, Harada Toshinobu, Imai Toshiyuki

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 54 ( 3 ) 39 - 46 2007 [Refereed]

Recently, the natural objects appeared in picture contents such as cartoon films or movies are made by CG. We need a great deal of labor for this production. It is because those objects are made by kansei of a creator or measuring the real objects troublesomely. Then, the aim of the study was to clarify visual languages (VLs) and the combination of VLs constituting curved surfaces of natural objects and craftworks, and to show a new possibility of making digital archives of them. First, we developed an extraction system of lines of curvature. Second, we extracted lines of curvature on the curved surfaces of a stone, wine glass, a sake bottle and computer mouse by the system. The extracted curves were projected on two planes of projection and we could get two plane curves. Lastly, these were divided into curves of monotone curvature. "Characteristic" of the curve was analyzed for them. As a result, we clarified VLs and the combination of VLs in natural objects and craftworks and got a possibility of the digital archive.

DOI

図面化のための視覚言語を用いたラフスケッチの清書化

河野正之, 原田利宣

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 ( 一般社団法人人工知能学会 ) 7 ( 0 ) 1H12 - 1H12 2007 [Refereed]

現在，工業製品の形状設計に使用する曲線の創成は非常に多くの労力を必要とし，効率的でない。そこで，本研究ではデザイナが描いたスケッチを事例として用い，フェアリングされた曲線と同程度の美しい曲線を効率的に創成するシステムの開発を目的とした。具体的には，まずデザイナがなぞり描いた重なり合う曲線をひとつの図として認識させ，その濃淡の中央線を求める。次に求まった濃淡中央線を曲率単調曲線に分割し，各曲線の性質を分析して視覚言語に置換する。さらに，それら視覚言語を元の位置に再配置し，図面に利用可能な美しい曲線を得る。その結果，現状よりも効率よく美しい曲線を創成できる可能性が示された。

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Study on Comparison between Reducts Using Rough Sets and Quantification Method II Based on Preference Analysis of Watch

Enomoto Yusuke, Harada Toshinobu, Mizutani Masao

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 53 ( 5 ) 29 - 34 2007 [Refereed]

Recently, rough sets have attracted attention as a method for knowledge acquisition. However, there are few researches that verify the, characteristics of solutions by rough sets. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at inspecting differences between non-linear solutions calculated by rough sets and linear solutions calculated by quantification method II. At first, for 41 subjects, we investigated their preference about watches and classified these subjects to five clusters by their sense of values. Next, we analyzed their preferences from preference investigation using partial correlation coefficient by quantification method II and reducts by rough sets. Furthermore, we analyzed about a difference between linear solutions and non-linear solutions based on the analysis result. In addition, we calculated kendall's coefficient of concordance among preference criteria, linear solutions, and non-linear solutions. As a result, we clarified features of liner method and non-liner method.

DOI

Toward Contribution of Contents Design Support Technology to Public Based on Discussion at Near Future Challenge Session

平田圭二, 片寄晴弘, 笠尾敦司, 宮田一乗, 原田利宣

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 21 ( 2 ) 244 - 244 2006.03 [Refereed]

Analysis of Specifications for a Web Screen-Design Using Rough Sets

Harada Toshinobu, Tanaka Ryousuke

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 52 ( 5 ) 1 - 6 2006 [Refereed]

Recently, a Web site has affected the impression of a company or a university. Few researches verified the relation between the composition elements of a Web site and sense of values using the nonlinear method like rough sets. Then, in this study, we made the Web site of the university belonging to a design and an information design field into a case study, and aim at clarification of the relation between the composition elements and the users' sense of values for the Web site. First, the evaluation questionnaire for sample Web sites was performed using six evaluation terms concerning the sense of value. Next, we analyzed the result of questionnaire by using multiple regression analysis, and clarified the evaluation terms affected the degree of charm. As a result, the subjects were classified by their sense of values at five clusters. Furthermore, the combinations of the composition elements of the Web site affected the degree of charm in each cluster were extracted using rough sets. As a result of verifying a new Web site on the basis of the above result, it was shown that an impression and charm are controllable.

DOI

Car Design and Curve

HARADA Toshinobu

Special issue of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 14 ( 1 ) 52 - 55 2006 [Invited]

DOI

Analysis of Specifications for Web Screen-Design Using Rough Sets.

Toshinobu Harada, Ryousuke Tanaka

JACIII 10 ( 5 ) 688 - 694 2006 [Refereed]

DOI

Analysis of visual language and syntax of car design(Prize for Encouragement)

HARADA Toshinobu

Special issue of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 13 ( 2 ) 40 - 41 2005 [Invited]

DOI

Optimization of Information Design in Car Navigation Considering Drivers' Sense of Value

Harada Toshinobu, Ozaki Nami

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 51 ( 6 ) 27 - 34 2005 [Refereed]

Although today's drivers have a different sense of valuing their cars, the Information design of car navigation systems (car-navis) has tended to be uniform. This research is aimed at clarifying the relation between drivers' impres-sions and elements that constitute car-navi Information design to optimize both speech and information. First, we did a survey on the sense of valuing cars and ITS, analyzed the results with PCA, and extracted seven elements. Next, eight samples were created through design experiments using the seven elements, and an evaluation experiment was conducted using the eight evaluation terms. As a result of analysis with a t-test, it became clear that the Information design element, which influences evaluation terms, is different depending on the driver's sense of value. Furthermore, we directed our attention to the icon as an important element. As a result of conducting an evaluation experiment on the icon, which changed the molding and color, we were able to obtain a valuable index in designing the icon.

DOI

Study on Comparison between Condition Parts of Decision Rules Using Rough Sets and Optimum Solutions Using Identity Mapping Model

Enomoto Yusuke, Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 51 ( 5 ) 1 - 8 2005 [Refereed]

Rough sets has attracted attention as a method for knowledge acquisition. However, there are few researches which verify the availability by comparing rough sets with other methods except C4.5 proposed by Quinlan (1993). Therefore, in this study, we applied rough sets and an inverse reasoning system with a five layer neural network as methods for solving inverse problem. The aim of this study is to clarify the feature of condition parts of decision rules and optimum solutions. Concretely, we compared condition parts of decision rules with a high C.I. value obtained with optimum solutions obtained by exploring the entire range of solutions space. And we considered the feature of these methods. Moreover, we also compared the result of quantification method II with condition parts of decision rules. As a result, we were able to clarify the feature of each method.

DOI

Analysis of the Curves of Japanese Swords

Harada Toshinobu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 51 ( 1 ) 77 - 84 2004 [Refereed]

For the Japanese, a Japanese sword has aesthetic origins, and it is also aesthetic standard for designers. However, there has been almost no research on the radii of the curvatures of Japanese swords; nor has the character of the curves been analyzed. This paper investigates the elements of the curves and the common features in 45 Japanese swords and 15 Japanese knives. Photographs of the swords and knives were scanned, and a set of points showing the curve of the edge of each blade was extracted by image processing. Next, an approximating curve was created from each set of points and the character of the curve has analyzed by a quantification method. Based on the analytical results, we considered the features and differences among these curves. Japanese swords were classified into five types, and Japanese knives were classified into two types. Moreover, we clarified the features in the curves of each type. We also proposed applications of the curves to industrial design.

DOI

Kansei and Rough Sets

Harada Toshinobu, Inoue Katsuo, Takahashi Yasushi, Mori Norihiko

Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics ( Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics ) 16 ( 5 ) 416 - 424 2004 [Invited]

DOI

Evaluation of Impression for Automobile Configuration Using VR System

Itou Kouichi, Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 51 ( 1 ) 71 - 76 2004 [Refereed]

Configuration items which determine automobile layout and pro-portion are the most important elements on car design. The former research of automobile configuration used a 2-dimensional (2D) photograph, CG, etc. that lacked a live performance. Then, in this research, we performed more accurate design evaluation using VR system which could reproduce 3-dimensional (3D) vision, and aimed at clarifying the relation between each configuration item and the impression. First, configuration items of existing cars of 40 types were measured about their side and front views, and were analyzed using principal component analysis. VR models were created using the result of analysis and ware evaluated using 10 evaluation terms. Further, we investigated which configuration item had a strong relation with which terms using analysis of variance. Finally, the 3D models were created using the result of analysis, and we verified the possibility of controlling impressions.

DOI

Design Assistance by Example and Construction of Evaluation Basis

KATAYOSE Haruhiro, HIRATA Keiji, HARADA Toshinobu, HIRAGA Rumi, KASAO Atsushi

Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence ( The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence ) 18 24 - 28 2003.11 [Refereed]

Design is one of the typical tasks which are realized with both intelligence and sense. When demands for contents are increasing in this decade, design assistance with computers is one of the most important information technology services. The design assistance method known as Kansei Engineering, which combines multivariate analysis of impression and media technology, is not always applicable to productive design tasks. In the practical productive design, concrete cases are sometimes picked up in advance of design processing. This paper, focusing on this design, describes the style of case-based design, assistance by computers, the range of application, and the evaluation of generated contents.

DOI

CURVES IN NATURAL AND FACTORY PRODUCTS

HARADA Toshinobu, YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 50 ( 3 ) 55 - 62 2003

Many curves in natural products are comfortable for human eyes. If attractive curves, not so frequently used in the design of factory products, are found in natural products, we can apply them for a new shape design. In order to find the attractive curves, we propose a method for analyzing the characteristics of curves in natural and factory products using a curvature variation. The characteristics are classified into five types: divergent-, constant speed-, convergent-, divergent-convergent-, and convergent-divergent types. Using our method, we have analyzed many curves in the wings of butterflies and in the instrument panels of cars. As a result, it is observed that the ratio of divergent-convergent type curves is about twice to the curves of butterflies in contrast to the curves of cars. On the other hand, it is observed that the ratio of convergent type curves is about twice to the curves of cars in contrast to the curves of butterflies. Based on these observations, we show a new possibility of curve design for factory products.

DOI

Analysis of Choice for Audio Products Using Annexation Reduct System

Enomoto Yusuke, Harada Toshinobu, Inoue Takuya, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 5 ) 11 - 20 2003 [Refereed]

The rough set theory (Pawlak. 1982) which can acquire the combination of the fewest attribute for identifying a certain result began to be applied in the field of design research. Before, we proposed our algorithm which calculates common reducts among plural subjects (annexation reduct system) for applying the rough set theory to actual plans. Then, we aimed to extract reducts (requirements) which affect the user's choice about audio and aimed to make the requirements clear, using this system. In addition, we considered about the feature of the lineup of nine domestic audio makers using this result. First ,we surveyed a view of audio products, and classified subjects into four clusters. Next, we calculated reducts which affect user's choice and, we considered them. We were able to make the requirements which distinguish among each cluster's sense of value clear. Moreover, we considered how many products which suit the requirements of each cluster would exist in each maker's lineup. As a result, we were able to clear the feature of each maker's lineup.

DOI

Study on Key-line Curves of Faces using Curvature Analysis and FFT

Yamada Hiroko, Harada Toshinobu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 50 ( 3 ) 1 - 8 2003 [Refereed]

Solid models (figure) and three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics models are often made on the basis of two-dimensional (2D) characters in games and animation works. The character design affects the animation works' popularity and quality. We consider that the importance of the character design to animation works tends to increase. Then, the aim of this study was to clear the differences among curves of these dolls' faces and how they were abstracted from human faces in order to acquire the knowledge for making the guide of the character design. First, we took figures, Japanese dolls and a licca dolls as the samples. Second, we measured 3D data of some dolls and human faces using 3D digitizers. And we got seven cross-sectional lines passing through the points expressing the face's features. We defined the cross-sectional lines as key-line curves of the faces. Third, we analyzed these cross-sectional lines using curvature analysis and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and made the faces of doll using the results as the guide of character design. As a result of the evaluation, we confirmed that we could make the models what haved each doll's features and the our guide was available.

DOI

Data fitting with a spline using a real-coded genetic algorithm.

Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Toshinobu Harada, Yoshihide Yoshimoto

Comput. Aided Des. 35 ( 8 ) 751 - 760 2003 [Refereed]

DOI

Comparison of Recognition between Faces and Car's Front View design

TAKAHASHI Noriya, HARADA Toshinobu, YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 48 ( 5 ) 27 - 36 2002.01 [Refereed]

We often compare cars' front view design to the human face. For example, we compare car's head lamps to the eyes or compare car's air intake to the mouth. We hypothesized that there was a certain relation between cars' front view design and the face on this fact. Therefore, we aimed at clarifying how cars' front view design and the face are related from a viewpoint of an "image". First, the front view design and the face were classified into four clusters using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Next, by applying the creation method of an "exaggeration drawing" in Furuya's and others studies, the "exaggeration drawing" in each cluster was created and they were compared. Consequently, we clarified that many form-features are in accord between the front view design and the face.

DOI

PRODUCTION OF 'DRAWING CURVES' USING AN ELLIPSE FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

HARADA Toshinobu, YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 2 ) 9 - 16 2002

We proposed a quantitative analysis method of the characteristics of a curve, for finding what an aesthetic curve is. A number of curves drawn by designers were analyzed by this method. As a result, we found that the designer controlled the curvature change with a seif-affine property, when he produced a curve in design work. In other words, the designer sees a curve with a self-affine property as an aesthetic curve. On the basis of this fact, we developed five types of curves which have the self-affine property. Furthermore, we made 'drawing curves' from these curves as 'visual language'. We clarified that it was available to apply an ellipse to production of 'drawing curves'.

DOI

Planning of Design Concept Using Rough Set : Clarification of Relation between Formal Elements and Images Using Cars' Front View Design as a Case Study

Inoue Takuya, Harada Toshinobu, Enomoto Yusuke, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 3 ) 11 - 18 2002 [Refereed]

Products planners require to obtain the relation between formal elements of products and images as knowledge. Recently, rough set theory (Pawlak, 1982) which can acquire the combinations of the fewest attributes (formal elements) for forming the result (ex; images) have been applied. Then, our study aimed to apply rough set theory to planning of design concept and clarify relation between formal elements and images, using cars' front view design as a case study. We researched about three matters as follows. (1)We compared the result by the quantification method II with the reducts by rough set. (2)We adapted the algorithm of annexation reducts to design planning. (3)We developed the algorithm of annexation reduct using the plural subjects' reducts. Consequently, we considered that available knowledge for a design concept could be acquired by the reduct or annexation reducts.

DOI

Reconstruction of time-varying 3D left ventricular shape from multiview x-ray cineangiocardiograms.

Masamitsu Moriyama, Yoshinobu Sato, Hiroaki Naito, Masayuki Hanayama, Takashi Ueguchi, Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Shinichi Tamura

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 21 ( 7 ) 773 - 785 2002 [Refereed]

DOI

Study on Evaluation of Car's Interior Design Using VR System

Harada Toshinobu, Ishida Tomoko, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 3 ) 61 - 68 2002 [Refereed]

In the most existing researches about car's interior design, evaluation experiment has been conducted using a photograph, 2-dimensional CG, or a real car. A photograph and 2-dimensional CG lack in presence of a compartment, and although a real car has highly real accuracy, form elements which we want to investigate are not necessarily included. Then, in this research, using a VR system which can reproduce 3-dimensional vision, the instrument panel design was evaluated and we aimed at clarifying the relation between form elements and impressions. First, the instrument panels of the existing cars of 39 types were measured, and analyzed from three viewpoints: proportion, surface forms, and a curve. The form elements which affect instrument panel forms were extracted from each analysis, and VR model was created using them by experimental design. Next, VR model was evaluated using ten evaluation terms. Consequently, we were able to show clearly the relation between these form elements and evaluation terms using analysis of variance and t-test.

DOI

Study on Relationship between Fabric Design and its Visual Image

Harada Toshinobu, Sugano Takayuki

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 4 ) 11 - 20 2002 [Refereed]

Although many studies which clarify relation between form elements, and user's images or a degree of charm in various products and advertisements till today have been made, there are few existing studies in a fabric design. Then, we aimed at investigating and analyzing how the form elements which constitutes the existing fabric design has influenced the images and the degree of charm. Concretely, cooperation of a dyeing company was obtained, samples were collected, the questionnaire was performed, and, the relation between the images and the degree of charm, and between form elements, and the images or the degree of charm were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Quantification Method I, Multiple Regression Analysis, Cluster Analysis, etc. Furthermore, the form elements were chosen and the new fabric design was made so that it might have images controlling the degree of charm based on the analysis result. We had the subjects evaluate this fabric design, and it confirmed that the degree of charm was controllable.

DOI

Automatic Curve Fairing System Using Visual Languages.

Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto

International Conference on Information Visualisation(IV) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 53 - 62 2001 [Refereed]

DOI

Analysis of Curves in the Natural Objects and the Craftworks

Harada Toshinobu, Nakashima Nobuyuki, Kurihara Yusuke, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 48 ( 3 ) 29 - 38 2001 [Refereed]

In the research which we have studied until now, the characteristics of curves in industrial products, such as a car, were clarified to some extent. However, characteristics of curves in natural objects, such as a shellfish and a plant, are still unknown. We have not clarified yet how these curves differ the curves of industrial products. Also in the existing researches, there is almost no research which analyzed globally the curves in various natural objects with sufficient accuracy on the curvature change level. Then, we analyzed the curves in natural objects and craftworks widely and aimed at showing these characteristics clear. Moreover, by comparing with the characteristics of the curves in industrial products, it was shown clear what features there are. Consequently, most of the curves in natural molding objects and craftworks are the "accelerative type" or the "stable type" in the curvilinear group systematized by us. The "convergent type" used for the curve in industrial products, hardly existed.

DOI

Automatic Curve Fairing System Using Visual Language

Harada Toshinobu, Nakajima Nobuyuki, Kurihara Yuusuke, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 47 ( 5 ) 21 - 28 2001 [Refereed]

Generally, in the field of industrial design, measurement data of a clay model are faired, and its three dimensional model is made in CAD. However, it is a problem that this fairing work take a long time and require a great deal of labor. We propose an automatic fairing system of a curve for the application to reverse engineering technology. The automatic fairing system is constructed by the following five steps. 1)Key-line data are extracted from a clay model by a 3D-digitizer. 2)The extracted key-line data are approximated by a spline with a genetic algorithm. 3)The spline curve (key line) is divided into curves of monotone curvature. 4)"Characteristic" of the curve is analyzed for each curve of monotone curvature. 5)Each curve of monotone curvature is substituted by visual language based on the result of the analysis mentioned above, and each key-line is reconstructed by the visual language. By this system, we can easily obtain an aesthetic curve intended by a designer in a short time.

DOI

Data Fitting by a Genetic Algorithm with Real Number Genes

YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi, HARADA Toshinobu, MORIYAMA Masamitsu, YOSHIMOTO Yoshihide

Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan ( Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ) ) 41 ( 1 ) 70 - 82 2000.01 [Refereed]

In order to obtain a good approximation for data fitting with a spline, frequently we have to deal with knots as variables. Then, the problem to be solved becomes a continuous nonlinear and multivariate optimization problem with many local optima. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the global optimum. In this paper, we propose a new method for solving the problem by a genetic algorithm with real number genes. In this method, we use knots themselves as genes, and we do not convert the original continuous problem into a discrete combinatorial problem. Therefore, influence of the errors caused by the discretization of knots is avoided, and quasi-multiple knots can be constructed. We search for the best model among candidate models by using Bayes information criterion, BIC. Our method can determine appropriate number and locations of knots automatically and simultaneously without good initial locations of knots. We do not need any subjective parameters. Moreover, we propose a simple algorithm for multiplying quasi-multiple knots. Our method can treat data not only with a smooth underlying function but also with an underlying function having discontinuous points and/or cusps. Numerical examples are given to show the performance of our method.

Extension of "Cognitive Geometry" and the application to primitive

Harada Toshinobu, Shimada Tetsuo, Yoshimoto Fujiichi, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 47 ( 3 ) 55 - 62 2000 [Refereed]

The polyhedron by which a curved surface forms which becomes the radical is shown is necessary to create the curved surface of the product etc. Additionally, the designer combines these polyhedra, and constructs the product shape. Here, we proposed "cognitive geometry" and studied the method for finding the types of polyhedra from monohedron to hexahedron. We called this method "surface forms analysis". However, this study was the analysis limited between monohedron and hexahedron and there was limitation in the polyhedra which it was possible to treat, too. We expanded the range of the study to all primitive used generally and polyhedra consisted of special surface. Then, we aimed to clarify the types of those polyhedra by surface forms analysis and to study the method to extract them. Moreover, we systematized those polyhedra extracted as "visual languages" for applying them to the variation development of shape in the design work.

DOI

An Aesthetic Curve and an Algorithm for Making its Curve

HARADA Toshinobu, YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi, MORIYAMA Masamitsu

形の科学会誌 = Bulletin of the Society for Science on Form 13 ( 3 ) 149 - 158 1999.03 [Refereed]

An Aesthetic Curve in the Field of Industrial Design.

Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Masamitsu Moriyama

1999 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages(VL) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 38 - 47 1999 [Refereed]

DOI

Automatic Knot Placement by a Genetic Algorithm for Data Fitting with a Spline.

Masamitsu Moriyama, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Toshinobu Harada

1999 Shape Modeling International (SMI '99) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 162 1999 [Refereed]

DOI

Method of Designing Products ' Curved Surface

HARADA Toshinobu

Journal of Japan Society for Design Engineering ( 日本設計工学会 ) 33 ( 7 ) 250 - 255 1998.07 [Refereed]

Analysis of Recognition of Car's Front View Design

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 2 ) 11 - 16 1998 [Refereed]

The present day, the number of cars' brands of domestic makers became to be over 100. However, those cars' front view design were conventionalized to a few types. Then the aim of the study is to analyse a main cause of conventionalizing. At first, the car's front view design was analysed with reference to shepherd's study. As a result it was proved that the car's front view design is recognized in the same way as human face is, and the form elements of recognition in decreasing order are, outline of human face [=the body of car], eyes [=the head lamps], nose [=radiator grill], and mouth [=air intake of bumper]. Fourthermore, it was found that dog's and cat's face are recollected as prototypes, when person watches the car's front view design, and the car's front view design is conventionalized to some type according to those prototypes. Secondly, the form elements which cause the recollections of prototypes of dog and cat were investigated using rough sets theory. As a result, it was confirmed that such form elements were the abstracts from dog's and cat's faces' features.

DOI

A Method for Creating the Compound-Rhythm Curve

Harada Toshinobu, Moriyama Masamitsu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 2 ) 17 - 24 1998 [Refereed]

Recently, it was found that designers controled the variation of the curvature of a curve and the volume of a curve as the 'characteristics' of the curve for design. On the basis of this fact, a method for creating the loci of a curve from the 'characteristics' was developed. This method can treat only monotonic-rhythm curve that it's curvature varies monotonously. However, we need a method that can treat compound-rhythm curves composed of monotonic rhythm curves, because those curves are frequently used for the shapes of cars. In this paper, we present a concept of compound-rhythm curves and an algorithm for creating the loci of a curve from the 'characteristics' of compound-rhythm curves. We discuss it's implementation on a computer, and show results of simulations by the algorithm. By using our method, we can treat compound-thythm curves uniformly for any combination of the variation of the curvature. It seems that our algorithm drastically improve the method of making curves by CAD systems.

DOI

A System for Creating a Curve Using Visual Language : An Attempt for Developing a Designer like CAD System (1)

Harada Toshinobu, Moriyama Masamitsu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 3 ) 63 - 70 1998 [Refereed]

Designers create forms of products, they combinate "Visual Language (V.L.)" of form's basic elements which correspond to "words", and create forms which correspond to "sentences" for expressing formal semantics. However, studies on abstraction of V.L. for making product's curves and surfaces scarcely exist. So, inefficient and inhuman method of making them has been the main current yet. For example, designers control the curvature and make curves one by one by CAD systems. In this paper, at first we abstracted the points at issue of making curves and surfaces by existing CAD systems. Secondly we created V.L. and developed "a system for making curves using V.L." for solving the issue. We discuss its implementation on a computer, and show results of simulations by the system. By using our system, we can make curves by intuitional operations, without indicating the loci of a curve and controlling the curvature.

DOI

遺伝的アルゴリズムの路線計画における選定問題への応用

原田利宣, 田慕玲, 杉山和雄

形の科学会報 12 ( 2 ) 49 - 56 1997.11 [Refereed]

Proposal of "Cognitive Geometry" Based on Recognition

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 41 ( 5 ) 1 - 8 1995 [Refereed]

A "Cognitive Geometry", based on tests of the recognition of plane and solid figures, was proposed. The results of these tests differed from those that would be expected from established geometries. Secondly, the types of geon (geometric ion) from monohedron to hexahedron were enumerated according to surface form and subsequently analyzed these surface forms bases on the proposed cognitive geometry. Further to this, the relationship between these surface forms and the impressions formed by observers was researched by multi-dimensional analisis (MDA) of a questionnaire survey. The results of this analysis were compared with those of Gestalt theory. As a result, geon were classified, using Gestalt theory, into four types; sphere, cube, cylinder, and "saddle". These types were found to affect the cognition of polyhedra.

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Application of Cognitive Geometry to Analyze Car Surface Forms

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 42 ( 1 ) 79 - 86 1995 [Refereed]

The aims of the study were to abstract the various types of geon applicable to car surface forms and to analyse these. A two-geon approximation of a car was used in a 'surface from analysis' study based on cognitive geometry. As a result it was established that there were 4,888 types of furface form. Subsequently, fuzzy sets were applied to the 'surface form analysis' and thus it was possible to analyse the surface forms of existing cars. As a result of this study it was found that the trends in these surface forms could be identified. Furthermore, it was found that these trends differed between manufacturers and with the grade of the car. Secondly, the surface forms of representative cars from 1900 to the present day were analysed together with the factors controlling car surface forms over this period of time. Subsequently, it was found that car surface forms were affected in all eras by fashion, technology and other related circumstances. Furthermore, it was possible to identify resulting characteristic surface forms for each era.

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Curves' Physical Characteristics and Self-affine Properties

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 42 ( 3 ) 33 - 40 1995 [Refereed]

Designers design a car's surfaces by means of tape drawing and drawing curve. However, when the curves are formed, the accurate reproduction of the designed form is limited because of the many defining parameters. This study aimed at to consider the physical characteristics of curves and to abstract the essential problems associated with them. These physical characteristics were first analysed by a number of tests, and subsequently, it was found that "smoothness" of curvature affected a curve's bending energy, shear deformation energy and the reproducibility of the designed curves in production. Further to this, it was proposed that "smoothness" of curvature originated from self-affine properties. It was verified that the most of key lines' curvatures of existing cars had the properties of self-affine. This suggests that a curvature's self-affine properties are a critical factor in designing car surfaces.

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Decision Supporting System for Car Surface Forms : Reasoning Optimum Solutions from Imperfect Solutions Reasoned by Fuzzy Reasoning

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 42 ( 3 ) 49 - 58 1995 [Refereed]

In this study, construction of decision supporting system for reasoning of car surface forms from concepts and required specifications was attempted. Reasoning engine of this system was adopted fuzzy reasoning. And, we concentrated on study of method for reasoning optimum solutions from imperfect solutions reasoned by fuzzy reasoning. Two systems were constructed using Hopfield neural network and genetic algorithms in the part of reasoning optimum solutions from imperfect solutions. And then, two systems were compared. As a result, it was confirmed that we acquired only one reasoning solution by the system using Hopfield neural network, instead of requiring no prior knowledge of surface forms' mismatching. Further to this, it was confirmed that we were able to acquire plural reasoning solutions by the system using genetic algorithms, instead of requiring some knowledges of surface forms' mismatching.

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Development of Various Solution Using Identify Mapping Model : a Support System to Define Car Configuration (2)

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 41 ( 1 ) 51 - 58 1994

A designer's creative work is to inquire into the shape and configuration for a given concept, this activity is aimed at solving the "inverse problem" talked about recently. There are a few studies of the solving of "inverse problems" in the field of design. However, these studies use fuzzy relational equations and genetic algorithms, in the former, the most suitable solution within expressed limits is found and in the latter we get a small number of solutions. Thus it is doubtful that we get all suitable solutions. Therefore, an inverse reasoning system with an identity mapping model, based on a naural network, was developed. The system is able to compress the information from a neural network model into three-dimensional data, enabling easy visualization. Accordingly, we can inquire into various solutions.

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Algorithm of Creating the Curve by Controling it's Characteristics

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 41 ( 4 ) 1 - 8 1994 [Refereed]

Initially, by means of example, the way in which the characteristics of a curve affect an observer's impression of the curve was studied. As a result it was possible to raise a hypothesis defining some relationship between the characteristics and the impressions formed. Secondly, an algorithm was developed to output the loci of a curve derived from a definition of desired impression. This algorithm was used to produce a number of curves and these were assessed as to whether they affected the desired impression. The success of this second investigation allowed the confirmation of the hypothesis. Subsequent investigations determined that it was possible by this algorithm to generate a variety of curves of specified natures by controlling these characteristics. Futher to this it was considered that by this algorithm curves could be generated with characteristics beyond those of general curve expressions (eg. parabolas, sine curves, etc.) and that these may be applied to the key lines in vehicle design.

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Study of Quantitative Analysis of Curve's Character

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 40 ( 6 ) 9 - 16 1994 [Refereed]

The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative analysis of a curve's character from the view point of a human observer. The research investigated how designers control a curve's character by the use of image words. As a result of this it was found that the character was controlled by changing the pattern of curvature and volume. From this a quantitative analysis was developed. Further to this, a number of drawing curve and curves used on existing car surfaces were analysed. As a result, it was verified that it is possible to correlate the character and numerical expression for those curves. It is thought that this quantitative analysis could form an index in the design of a car's surface and a key in researching the relation between a curve's character and image words.

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Analysis of Process of Defining Car Configuration : Developing a Support System to Define Car Configuration

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 1993 ( 96 ) 39 - 46 1993 [Refereed]

Recently, as a car stlye has reached maturity, the configuration (it means the layout and the proportion) of a car becomes to be defined early in the phase of the development of a car style by planners, designers, and engineers. Aims of this study is the analysis of factors effecting the cinfigration of a car. And, we construct a neual net work model -reasoning a cabin configuration from the configuration of a car body-, and a linear multiple regression model -reasoning a cabin configration from the interior configration items- and then, make simulations by means of these models. As a result, it becomes clear that the configrations of a car are brought partially by a linear thinking and by a non-linear thinking. And then, we get some guide line for designing the configuration of a car.

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Inquiring into Image Using Genetics Algorithm

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 40 ( 2 ) 41 - 48 1993 [Refereed]

So far, some studies of image characteristics and inference have been done. However, thoes methods obtain results convergently, not divergently. In this study we develop a system in which results are obtained divergently using 3 genetics algorithm that bases on the the theory of a life's evolution (selection and mutation), and compare these results with those obtained by a neural network using some sample concepts. Subsequently, we confirm the viability of the system using the genetics algorithm. Further, we develop a system connecting genetics algorithm and neural network in paralle, and as a result we confirm that this system gets results has advantages of both of methods, and can controls these advantages by a parameter.

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A Research on Relation between Constituent Element and Preference of Car Interior Design(TECHNICAL SESSION CONTENTS,THE 37TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE JSSD)

Endo Makoto, Mori Norihiko, Ushida Msayuki, Harada Toshinobu

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 1990 ( 81 ) 71 - 71 1990

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