研究者詳細 - 原　祐二

論文 - 原　祐二

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Satoyama landscape change in the periphery of a Japanese regional city from 1884 to 2002 - a case study in Wakayama Prefecture -

Motoyasu, Y, Hara, Y (担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者 )

Proceedings of International Symposium on City Planning 529 - 538 2011年08月 [査読有り]

Satoyama, a traditional rural landscape of Japan, is considered to be a sustainable agricultural ecosystem managed by local farmers. However, the spread of urbanization and the increase in fossil fuel consumption have led the decline or the abandonment of the use of Satoyama, even though it has been highlighted recently for its ecological functions. General and site-specific information such as natural land conditions, long-term land-use changes, and their relationships are important in understanding Satoyama. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between topographic conditions and land-use changes in the periphery of Wakayama City, Japan. We produced three digital vector land-use maps for 1884, 1947, and 2002 by onscreen visual interpretation of scanned raster images of original paper topographic maps at a 1:25,000 scale. We used digital elevation data at a resolution of 5 m for landform modeling. We then conducted an overlay analysis among these four layers and quantified land-use changes as well as the relationship between land use and landform. In addition, we collected statistical data and historical documents on socioeconomic conditions in the study area, and conducted field interviews of local residents to verify driving forces of land-use change derived through above spatial analysis. Our results showed that orchards notably increased whereas rice fields had slightly decreased during the study period. Some conifer forests shifted to broadleaf forests between 1884 and 1947 and then back to the conifer forests between 1947 and 2002. The overlay analysis demonstrated that landforms performed as the basic environmental condition restricting possible land use throughout the period. However, our field survey results suggested that installation of new agricultural infrastructure, in this case a monorail for harvesting fruit products from orchards on steep slopes, also may have influenced landscape changes.

網取廃村地区の土地利用の変遷と現存するフクギサイズとの関係

仲里長浩, 原祐二, 中島敦司

ランドスケープ研究(オンライン論文集) ( 社団法人日本造園学会 ) 4 17 - 23 2011年03月 [査読有り]

A typical landscape in each village in Okinawa is a house with red roof tiles, stone walls and G. subelliptica for prefeeting wind. G. subelliptica has been used not only for wind protect trees but as dyes and building materials since the 18 century. Since then, the government of the Ryukyu, the old name of Okinawa, encouraged the people to plant G. subelliptica in the villages. When a village was newly formed, G. subelliptica was extensively planted. Thus, it has been found that the relationship among six villages was clarified by studying the planting and spread of G. subelliptica. In this study, we verified whether a diameter of G. subelliptica had a close relation with the village formation. As a result, it was revealed that the investigation on G. subelliptica was effective in terms of the village formation, where the traditional landscape left in the old village.

DOI

Agricultural land dynamics in peri-urban areas: a case study of Xiqing district, Tianjin, China

Zhou Dingyang, Tsuchiya Kazuaki, Hara Yuji, Hirotaka MATSUDA, Tomoo OKAYASU, Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI

環境情報科学 ( 環境情報科学センター ) 39 ( 5 ) 61 - 70 2011年 [査読有り]

Peri-urban agriculture has become an increasingly important policy concern, particularly in rapidly growing cities in emerging countries. An accurate understanding of changes in land use and their driving factors has important implications for assessing food security and policy making. We evaluated agricultural land use changes at the landscape scale in the Tianjin peri-urban area in China from 1993 to 2009 by using Landsat images. The main driving factors of the changes were investigated at the farm scale through a survey of local farmers. The image classification results showed an obvious loss of agricultural land since the early 1990s. Two other notable trends, which differ from results of previous studies of other peri-urban areas, were observed: (1) land had been converted from the production of traditional perishable foods to the production of staple foods, in this case, from vegetables and fruits to maize; and (2) there was a shift from staple production to fiber production, in this case, from rice and maize to cotton. The main driving factors of these changes were farmers adapting to insufficient amounts of labor and freshwater and to the use of treated wastewater for irrigation, rather than to market mechanisms or government policies, because growing perishable foods requires more labor and fiber production consumes less irrigation water. To improve food security and sustainably develop the region, agriculture must be integrated into a larger developmental plan.

中国における農村集住化と集落跡地利用に関する現地調査報告―天津市東麗区華明新市の事例

原祐二, 松田浩敬 (担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者 )

都市計画報告集 9 115 - 118 2010年12月

Using the Huaming new town (HNT) project in Dong Li District, Tianjin, as a case study, this report aims to reveal actual field situation of new urban development parallel with remote village clearances under farmland protection policy in China. We first visited the project office of HNT and interviewed with project officers for issues on development process. We then visited one of the former villages and interviewed with a person in charge of redevelopment project in the site. We found that new town consisted of 300ha high-rise residential and 200ha industrial districts, which were equivalent in total to former villages with an area of 500ha. Most of the redevelopment sites were economically-profitable agricultural facilities such as the large-scale horticultural greenhouses. These redevelopments might be operational field responses which are different from original aim of farmland protection policy for national food security.

メトロマニラ郊外部のサブディビジョン開発地域における空閑地の分布と利用状況に関する研究

村上暁信, 渡辺祐也, 原祐二, 横張真, パリホンアルマンド

ランドスケープ研究 ( 公益社団法人日本造園学会 ) 73 ( 5 ) 607 - 610 2010年03月 [査読有り]

Since to generate lots of new public open spaces in already congested urbanized areas is quite difficult,it is strongly needed to utilize the existing privately owned open spaces in order to establish a sound urban environmental plan, especially in Asian mega-cities where rapid urbanization is being observed. In this study, GIS analysis and field survey were integrated to examine the distribution and the condition of privately owned open spaces in the suburban area of Metro Manila, Philippines, then, the influences of Home Owners Association was examined. First, the aerial photos taken in different periods were used to examine the change of privately owned open space in the subdivision development areas. Then, a series of field survey was implemented. Through the study, the following findings were obtained; although the ratio of privately owned public spaces has been decreasing, it was observed that the rate of decreasing has become gentle. The condition of open spaces varied lot to lot, the feature of open space was influenced by the characteristics of the area and its home owners association.

DOI

Supply-Demand Balance of Compost between Urban and Agricultural Sectors According to Pen-Urban Development in an Urban-Rural Fringe Area in Asia: A Case Study in Nonthaburi, Thailand

Yuji Hara

Alliance for Global Sustainability 2010年

DOI

Impacts of housing development on nutrients flow along canals in a peri-urban area of Bangkok, Thailand

R. Honda, Y. Hara, M. Sekiyama, A. Hiramatsu

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ( I W A PUBLISHING ) 61 ( 4 ) 1073 - 1080 2010年 [査読有り]

Change of nutrients load and flow according to land-use change induced by housing development was investigated in Bang Yai, Nonthaburi, Thailand, which located in the peri-urban area of Bangkok. Each house in the newly developed residential community was regulated to be equipped with a septic tank to collect night Soil. However, greywater and leachate from the septic tank was collected by a community sewage system and discharged into the canals with insufficient treatment, while the canals still function as infrastructure for irrigation and transportation. in the study area, built-up area became 1.4 times and agricultural fields decreased by 13% from 2003 until 2007. Total nutrients load to the canals was increased by 25% as nitrogen and 14% as phosphorus according to the increase of built-up area. Net nutrients load from agricultural fields was largely set off when we evaluated nutrients inflow from the canals to the agricultural field through irrigation. Consequently, nutrients load from domestic wastewater accounted most of net nutrients load into the canal.

DOI

マニラ首都圏郊外における有機性廃棄物の処理実態とその地域内循環の可能性

古谷崇, 原祐二, 村上暁信, Palijon Armando, 横張真

ランドスケープ研究 ( 日本造園学会 ) 72 ( 5 ) 719 - 722 2009年03月 [査読有り]

廃棄物の増加による環境問題が世界的に深刻化している。とりわけ、アジアの開発途上国においては、社会基盤や法制度が未整備のまま都市圏への人口集中が進んだため、都市部での廃棄物が急増し、深刻な都市環境問題が発生している。そうした途上国都市圏における廃棄物は、成分組成において有機性廃棄物の割合が高いという特性がある。有機性廃棄物は、高い水分量を保ち、悪臭を放つなど、都市の生活環境に直接影響を及ぼす。さらには、過剰な水分を含み嵩が張るため、埋立処分場寿命の逓減・焼却場炉内温度の低下などをもたらし、全体的な廃棄物処理負荷を増大させる。廃棄物から有機性廃棄物を選択的に取り除くことができれば、最終処分量の減少だけではなく、収集・一時貯留や、再資源化可能物を分別する上でも大きな便益が得られる。本研究では、アジアの開発途上国のひとつであるフィリピンのマニラ首都圏において、有機性廃棄物利用を先進的に行っている事例を対象に、有機性廃棄物の処理実態を解明することを目的とする。

DOI

バンコク郊外住宅地域における分譲住宅団地内緑地の整備実態

星越明日香, 原祐二, 岡安智生, 鹿野陽子, 武内和彦 (担当区分：責任著者 )

ランドスケープ研究 ( 日本造園学会 ) 72 ( 5 ) 687 - 692 2009年03月 [査読有り]

アジア大都市においては、経済成長にともなう人口の社会増加により、郊外に低密な住宅地域が拡大している。スプロール開発が進む地域では、社会基盤未整備のままの都市的土地利用の拡大、既存農地の荒廃、さらには都市農村間の社会的・空間的分断が生じやすい。こうした課題を解決するためには、周辺環境と調和的な住宅地整備を通じ、生活圏居住環境の改善をはかる必要がある。良好な居住環境を形成していくためには、住宅地内における"身近な緑"の永続的・長期的確保が重要である。本研究では、タイ王国・バンコク都の郊外住宅地域を対象として、緑地の整備状況を空間明示的に明らかにすることを試み、その存在根拠となる基幹法制度の内容と運用実態を把握することを目的とした。

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SURFACE FILL VOLUME AS A LAND-USE PLANNING INDICATOR FOR ASIAN LOW-LYING URBAN REGIONS

Yuji Hara

URBAN PLANNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2009年

タイ王国バンコク首都圏都市農村混在地域における土地利用および有機性資源循環利用に関する研究

原祐二, 平松あい, 本多了, 関山牧子, 松田浩敬

日本地理学会発表要旨集 ( 公益社団法人日本地理学会 ) 2009 56 - 56 2009年

タイ王国バンコク周縁部では都市拡大に伴い，農地転用による住宅地と農地の土地利用混在が生じている．本研究では，バンコク近郊に位置するノンタブリ県バンメナン地区を対象として，住宅地と農地が混在する地域における適切な廃棄物再利用と資源循環施策を検討するため，対象地区住民の生活形態別の廃棄物排出と処理に関し，現場実態調査を行った． 具体的には，1:4000デジタル都市計画基本図を基図とし，空中写真判読および現地踏査結果も援用しながら，GIS上で対象地区の全家屋を，水田農家，園芸農家，新興住宅などに細分類した．その後，分類した家屋タイプ毎にサンプルを抽出，質問票を携行した世帯訪問調査を実施，廃棄物排出特性を把握するとともに，実際に排出された廃棄物を組成分類して一週間計量調査を行った．廃棄物フローに関しては，行政，民間関連セクターを訪問し聞き取り調査を進めるとともに，現地役所と交渉の上，公式ごみ収集車のGPSトラッキング調査を行った． その結果，対象地区の廃棄物フローは，行政，民間およびコミュニティによる自主的な廃棄物回収・処理が混在していたが，それらの統合管理は行われておらず，地区全体にサービスが行き届いていないことが明らかになった．また，廃棄物組成は生ごみと農業廃棄物などの有機系廃棄物が大きな割合を占めていた．GPS/GIS空間解析では，対象地域の全廃棄物発生量に対する実質回収率は，45.5-51.1%と推定された．

DOI

ハナミズキの街路樹に発生した葉枯性病害

矢口行雄, Henry B.P., Store A.J., 山田利博, 市川薫, 原祐二 (担当区分：最終著者 )

樹木医学研究 ( 樹木医学会 ) 11 ( 4 ) 203 - 203 2007年10月

ノンタブリ県都市農村隣接地域における土地利用および資源循環利用に関する研究

平松あい, 原祐二, 関山牧子, 本多了

環境システム研究論文発表会講演集 ( 土木学会 ) 35 151 - 157 2007年10月

タイ王国バンコク周縁部では都市拡大に伴い，農地転用による住宅地と農地の土地利用混在が生じている．本研究では，バンコク近郊に位置するノンタブリ県バンメナン地区を対象として，住宅地と農地が混在する地域における適切な廃棄物再利用と資源循環施策を検討するため，対象地区住民の生活形態別の廃棄物排出と処理に関し，現場実態調査を行った．対象地区の廃棄物フローは，行政，民間およびコミュニティによる自主的な廃棄物回収･処理が混在していたが，それらの統合管理は行われておらず，地区全体にサービスが行き届いていないことが明らかになった．また，廃棄物組成は生ごみと農業廃棄物などの有機系廃棄物が大きな割合を占めていた．

Urban land expansion and cultivated land loss in the Beijing Tianjin region, China

Gondhalekar, D, Hara, Y, Takeuchi, K

Proceedings of International Symposium on City Planning 98 - 107 2007年08月 [査読有り]

Economic growth in China continues to nurture the urban expansion of large cities, causing the loss of an increasing amount of arable land. Cultivated land conservation in the urban fringe is important in mitigating the concomitant effects of urban growth on the environment. Due to strong State influence, possible policy differences between Beijing and Tianjin municipalities and Hebei Province are expected to be reflected in the land-use pattern. In this study, we examined quantitative land-use change in the Beijing Tianjin region using Geographic Information Systems and a 1 km grid dataset of the 1980s, 1995 and 2000. The results show difference in terms of the urban and cultivated land-use change pattern between Beijing and Tianjin municipalities as well as between the suburbs and outer counties in the study area. Urban expansion seems linked to existing urban centers, whilst change in cultivated land appears to be subject to administrative boundaries as well as market forces, indicating large-scale State influence on the land-use pattern. However, the results suggest that most changes in cultivated land occur at a local scale. As separate administrative areas try to meet State demands, land resources may not be used as effectively as possible. This study suggests that planners should pay increased attention to landuse patterns and policy implementation at small scales in order to enable effective urban-rural planning.

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of greenery in suburban residential districts of Metro Manila

Hara Y, Ogasawara T, Palijon A.M, Takeuchi K (担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者 )

Proceedings of International Symposium on City Planning 418 - 427 2007年08月 [査読有り]

This case study was conducted to better understand the present situation of urban greenery in Marikina City, in the suburbs of metropolitan Manila, a typical large Asian city. A vegetation survey was conducted in residential districts of Marikina City, and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of trees were analyzed. Lot size had some influence on the quantity of greenery in residential lots. In smaller lots, however, quantity did not increase in proportion to lot size. It appears, then, that the land-use controls for individual lots did not function effectively. Quantitative differences of greenery were related to qualitative differences, depending on the year or period of development of the residential area. In the newly developed residential lots, the greenery is comprised mostly of ornamental trees. Under the present circumstances, there is no assurance of sustaining the desired quantity of greenery in smaller residential lots. From these results, we proposed that regulations on lot size/coverage and promotion of tree planting involving local residents are needed to sustain urban greenery in residential districts.

東京23区における街路樹ハナミズキの植栽環境と生育状況

市川薫, 原祐二, ヘンリーブライアン P, ストアーアンドルー J, 武内和彦

ランドスケープ研究 ( 日本造園学会 ) 70 ( 5 ) 527 - 532 2007年03月 [査読有り]

The planting environment and the growing condition of street trees were surveyed to contribute to appropriate street tree establishment and management. The distribution and site condition in terms of road types and width and land use for dogwood street trees in the 23 wards of Tokyo prefecture were analyzed using GIS. Attributes of roads, sidewalks, planting layouts and background, and tree vigor were surveyed at the 49 selected sites. Dogwood street trees were mainly planted in residential, commercial and business areas. It was found however that they had different backgrounds and that in different growing conditions depended on the site condition. Especially, the number of sites where dogwood trees are planted drastically increased recently on national road and Tokyo metropolitan government roads mainly on the occasion of construction works on the roads. On ward roads, they were planted as improvement of sidewalks especially in commercial and mixed land use areas. Tree vigor showed differences for different site conditions. It was considered that the selection and management of street trees should be based on site condition.

DOI

アジア大都市周縁における循環型社会を基調とした都市農村融合と戦略的土地利用計画～バンコク近郊ノンタブリ県における現地調査報告～

本多了, 原祐二, 関山牧子, 平松あい

環境安全, 東京大学環境安全研究センター 111 7 - 11 2006年

The spatial distribution of green spaces in the urban fringe of Bangkok

Hara, Y, Yokota, S, Murakami, A, Takeuchi, K (担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者 )

Proceedings of International Symposium on City Planning 177 - 186 2004年09月 [査読有り]

Urban green spaces with a wide variety of functions to ameliorate the urban environment have been decreased and fragmented in the urban fringe areas of Southeast Asian cities. In order to elaborate practical and efficient plans to conserve urban green spaces, it is very important to understand changing process and spatial distribution of green spaces, and to monitor them continuously. From this viewpoint, we inspected green cover, land-use and landholding, and their correlations in the urban fringe of Bangkok using GIS. As a result, the following four facts are revealed. First, urbanization has been proceeding together with land fragmentation, and green cover is finally diminished after the construction of a new house on a subdivided vacant plot. Second, rural land-uses sustain high green cover, while urban land-uses have relatively low green cover with a several range depending on the type of housing. Third, rural land-use is tied to a canal, whereas urban land-use is linked with a road; besides these development patterns influence on the distribution of green spaces. Finally, the inaccessible landlocked plots with high green cover are observed a lot.

フィリピン・メトロマニラ外縁部における土地利用変化に関する研究

村上暁信, 原祐二, 小笠原澤

ランドスケープ研究 ( 社団法人日本造園学会 ) 66 ( 4 ) 290 - 293 2003年03月 [査読有り] [招待有り]

The conversion of agricultural land to other uses caused by rapid urbanization generates lots of serious problems. The aim of this paper was to analyze the general patterns of the changes in spatial structures in the urban fringe area of Metro Manila. Analysis was implemented using GIS data set and the result of field survey, then following findings were obtained. The indigenous pattern of land use was demolished by two types of development. And abandonment of agricultural land occurred during the process of developments.

DOI

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