Faculty Profiles - HARADA Toshinobu

Published Papers - HARADA Toshinobu

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Planning of Design Concept Using Rough Set : Clarification of Relation between Formal Elements and Images Using Cars' Front View Design as a Case Study

Inoue Takuya, Harada Toshinobu, Enomoto Yusuke, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 3 ) 11 - 18 2002 [Refereed]

Products planners require to obtain the relation between formal elements of products and images as knowledge. Recently, rough set theory (Pawlak, 1982) which can acquire the combinations of the fewest attributes (formal elements) for forming the result (ex; images) have been applied. Then, our study aimed to apply rough set theory to planning of design concept and clarify relation between formal elements and images, using cars' front view design as a case study. We researched about three matters as follows. (1)We compared the result by the quantification method II with the reducts by rough set. (2)We adapted the algorithm of annexation reducts to design planning. (3)We developed the algorithm of annexation reduct using the plural subjects' reducts. Consequently, we considered that available knowledge for a design concept could be acquired by the reduct or annexation reducts.

Reconstruction of time-varying 3D left ventricular shape from multiview x-ray cineangiocardiograms.

Masamitsu Moriyama, Yoshinobu Sato, Hiroaki Naito, Masayuki Hanayama, Takashi Ueguchi, Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Shinichi Tamura

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 21 ( 7 ) 773 - 785 2002 [Refereed]

Study on Evaluation of Car's Interior Design Using VR System

Harada Toshinobu, Ishida Tomoko, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 3 ) 61 - 68 2002 [Refereed]

In the most existing researches about car's interior design, evaluation experiment has been conducted using a photograph, 2-dimensional CG, or a real car. A photograph and 2-dimensional CG lack in presence of a compartment, and although a real car has highly real accuracy, form elements which we want to investigate are not necessarily included. Then, in this research, using a VR system which can reproduce 3-dimensional vision, the instrument panel design was evaluated and we aimed at clarifying the relation between form elements and impressions. First, the instrument panels of the existing cars of 39 types were measured, and analyzed from three viewpoints: proportion, surface forms, and a curve. The form elements which affect instrument panel forms were extracted from each analysis, and VR model was created using them by experimental design. Next, VR model was evaluated using ten evaluation terms. Consequently, we were able to show clearly the relation between these form elements and evaluation terms using analysis of variance and t-test.

Study on Relationship between Fabric Design and its Visual Image

Harada Toshinobu, Sugano Takayuki

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 49 ( 4 ) 11 - 20 2002 [Refereed]

Although many studies which clarify relation between form elements, and user's images or a degree of charm in various products and advertisements till today have been made, there are few existing studies in a fabric design. Then, we aimed at investigating and analyzing how the form elements which constitutes the existing fabric design has influenced the images and the degree of charm. Concretely, cooperation of a dyeing company was obtained, samples were collected, the questionnaire was performed, and, the relation between the images and the degree of charm, and between form elements, and the images or the degree of charm were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Quantification Method I, Multiple Regression Analysis, Cluster Analysis, etc. Furthermore, the form elements were chosen and the new fabric design was made so that it might have images controlling the degree of charm based on the analysis result. We had the subjects evaluate this fabric design, and it confirmed that the degree of charm was controllable.

Automatic Curve Fairing System Using Visual Languages.

Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto

International Conference on Information Visualisation(IV) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 53 - 62 2001 [Refereed]

Analysis of Curves in the Natural Objects and the Craftworks

Harada Toshinobu, Nakashima Nobuyuki, Kurihara Yusuke, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 48 ( 3 ) 29 - 38 2001 [Refereed]

In the research which we have studied until now, the characteristics of curves in industrial products, such as a car, were clarified to some extent. However, characteristics of curves in natural objects, such as a shellfish and a plant, are still unknown. We have not clarified yet how these curves differ the curves of industrial products. Also in the existing researches, there is almost no research which analyzed globally the curves in various natural objects with sufficient accuracy on the curvature change level. Then, we analyzed the curves in natural objects and craftworks widely and aimed at showing these characteristics clear. Moreover, by comparing with the characteristics of the curves in industrial products, it was shown clear what features there are. Consequently, most of the curves in natural molding objects and craftworks are the "accelerative type" or the "stable type" in the curvilinear group systematized by us. The "convergent type" used for the curve in industrial products, hardly existed.

Automatic Curve Fairing System Using Visual Language

Harada Toshinobu, Nakajima Nobuyuki, Kurihara Yuusuke, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 47 ( 5 ) 21 - 28 2001 [Refereed]

Generally, in the field of industrial design, measurement data of a clay model are faired, and its three dimensional model is made in CAD. However, it is a problem that this fairing work take a long time and require a great deal of labor. We propose an automatic fairing system of a curve for the application to reverse engineering technology. The automatic fairing system is constructed by the following five steps. 1)Key-line data are extracted from a clay model by a 3D-digitizer. 2)The extracted key-line data are approximated by a spline with a genetic algorithm. 3)The spline curve (key line) is divided into curves of monotone curvature. 4)"Characteristic" of the curve is analyzed for each curve of monotone curvature. 5)Each curve of monotone curvature is substituted by visual language based on the result of the analysis mentioned above, and each key-line is reconstructed by the visual language. By this system, we can easily obtain an aesthetic curve intended by a designer in a short time.

Data Fitting by a Genetic Algorithm with Real Number Genes

YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi, HARADA Toshinobu, MORIYAMA Masamitsu, YOSHIMOTO Yoshihide

Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan ( Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ) ) 41 ( 1 ) 70 - 82 2000.01 [Refereed]

In order to obtain a good approximation for data fitting with a spline, frequently we have to deal with knots as variables. Then, the problem to be solved becomes a continuous nonlinear and multivariate optimization problem with many local optima. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the global optimum. In this paper, we propose a new method for solving the problem by a genetic algorithm with real number genes. In this method, we use knots themselves as genes, and we do not convert the original continuous problem into a discrete combinatorial problem. Therefore, influence of the errors caused by the discretization of knots is avoided, and quasi-multiple knots can be constructed. We search for the best model among candidate models by using Bayes information criterion, BIC. Our method can determine appropriate number and locations of knots automatically and simultaneously without good initial locations of knots. We do not need any subjective parameters. Moreover, we propose a simple algorithm for multiplying quasi-multiple knots. Our method can treat data not only with a smooth underlying function but also with an underlying function having discontinuous points and/or cusps. Numerical examples are given to show the performance of our method.

Extension of "Cognitive Geometry" and the application to primitive

Harada Toshinobu, Shimada Tetsuo, Yoshimoto Fujiichi, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 47 ( 3 ) 55 - 62 2000 [Refereed]

The polyhedron by which a curved surface forms which becomes the radical is shown is necessary to create the curved surface of the product etc. Additionally, the designer combines these polyhedra, and constructs the product shape. Here, we proposed "cognitive geometry" and studied the method for finding the types of polyhedra from monohedron to hexahedron. We called this method "surface forms analysis". However, this study was the analysis limited between monohedron and hexahedron and there was limitation in the polyhedra which it was possible to treat, too. We expanded the range of the study to all primitive used generally and polyhedra consisted of special surface. Then, we aimed to clarify the types of those polyhedra by surface forms analysis and to study the method to extract them. Moreover, we systematized those polyhedra extracted as "visual languages" for applying them to the variation development of shape in the design work.

An Aesthetic Curve and an Algorithm for Making its Curve

HARADA Toshinobu, YOSHIMOTO Fujiichi, MORIYAMA Masamitsu

形の科学会誌 = Bulletin of the Society for Science on Form 13 ( 3 ) 149 - 158 1999.03 [Refereed]

An Aesthetic Curve in the Field of Industrial Design.

Toshinobu Harada, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Masamitsu Moriyama

1999 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages(VL) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 38 - 47 1999 [Refereed]

Automatic Knot Placement by a Genetic Algorithm for Data Fitting with a Spline.

Masamitsu Moriyama, Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Toshinobu Harada

1999 Shape Modeling International (SMI '99) ( IEEE Computer Society ) 162 1999 [Refereed]

Method of Designing Products ' Curved Surface

HARADA Toshinobu

Journal of Japan Society for Design Engineering ( 日本設計工学会 ) 33 ( 7 ) 250 - 255 1998.07 [Refereed]

Analysis of Recognition of Car's Front View Design

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 2 ) 11 - 16 1998 [Refereed]

The present day, the number of cars' brands of domestic makers became to be over 100. However, those cars' front view design were conventionalized to a few types. Then the aim of the study is to analyse a main cause of conventionalizing. At first, the car's front view design was analysed with reference to shepherd's study. As a result it was proved that the car's front view design is recognized in the same way as human face is, and the form elements of recognition in decreasing order are, outline of human face [=the body of car], eyes [=the head lamps], nose [=radiator grill], and mouth [=air intake of bumper]. Fourthermore, it was found that dog's and cat's face are recollected as prototypes, when person watches the car's front view design, and the car's front view design is conventionalized to some type according to those prototypes. Secondly, the form elements which cause the recollections of prototypes of dog and cat were investigated using rough sets theory. As a result, it was confirmed that such form elements were the abstracts from dog's and cat's faces' features.

A Method for Creating the Compound-Rhythm Curve

Harada Toshinobu, Moriyama Masamitsu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 2 ) 17 - 24 1998 [Refereed]

Recently, it was found that designers controled the variation of the curvature of a curve and the volume of a curve as the 'characteristics' of the curve for design. On the basis of this fact, a method for creating the loci of a curve from the 'characteristics' was developed. This method can treat only monotonic-rhythm curve that it's curvature varies monotonously. However, we need a method that can treat compound-rhythm curves composed of monotonic rhythm curves, because those curves are frequently used for the shapes of cars. In this paper, we present a concept of compound-rhythm curves and an algorithm for creating the loci of a curve from the 'characteristics' of compound-rhythm curves. We discuss it's implementation on a computer, and show results of simulations by the algorithm. By using our method, we can treat compound-thythm curves uniformly for any combination of the variation of the curvature. It seems that our algorithm drastically improve the method of making curves by CAD systems.

A System for Creating a Curve Using Visual Language : An Attempt for Developing a Designer like CAD System (1)

Harada Toshinobu, Moriyama Masamitsu, Yoshimoto Fujiichi

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 45 ( 3 ) 63 - 70 1998 [Refereed]

Designers create forms of products, they combinate "Visual Language (V.L.)" of form's basic elements which correspond to "words", and create forms which correspond to "sentences" for expressing formal semantics. However, studies on abstraction of V.L. for making product's curves and surfaces scarcely exist. So, inefficient and inhuman method of making them has been the main current yet. For example, designers control the curvature and make curves one by one by CAD systems. In this paper, at first we abstracted the points at issue of making curves and surfaces by existing CAD systems. Secondly we created V.L. and developed "a system for making curves using V.L." for solving the issue. We discuss its implementation on a computer, and show results of simulations by the system. By using our system, we can make curves by intuitional operations, without indicating the loci of a curve and controlling the curvature.

遺伝的アルゴリズムの路線計画における選定問題への応用

原田利宣, 田慕玲, 杉山和雄

形の科学会報 12 ( 2 ) 49 - 56 1997.11 [Refereed]

Proposal of "Cognitive Geometry" Based on Recognition

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 41 ( 5 ) 1 - 8 1995 [Refereed]

A "Cognitive Geometry", based on tests of the recognition of plane and solid figures, was proposed. The results of these tests differed from those that would be expected from established geometries. Secondly, the types of geon (geometric ion) from monohedron to hexahedron were enumerated according to surface form and subsequently analyzed these surface forms bases on the proposed cognitive geometry. Further to this, the relationship between these surface forms and the impressions formed by observers was researched by multi-dimensional analisis (MDA) of a questionnaire survey. The results of this analysis were compared with those of Gestalt theory. As a result, geon were classified, using Gestalt theory, into four types; sphere, cube, cylinder, and "saddle". These types were found to affect the cognition of polyhedra.

Application of Cognitive Geometry to Analyze Car Surface Forms

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 42 ( 1 ) 79 - 86 1995 [Refereed]

The aims of the study were to abstract the various types of geon applicable to car surface forms and to analyse these. A two-geon approximation of a car was used in a 'surface from analysis' study based on cognitive geometry. As a result it was established that there were 4,888 types of furface form. Subsequently, fuzzy sets were applied to the 'surface form analysis' and thus it was possible to analyse the surface forms of existing cars. As a result of this study it was found that the trends in these surface forms could be identified. Furthermore, it was found that these trends differed between manufacturers and with the grade of the car. Secondly, the surface forms of representative cars from 1900 to the present day were analysed together with the factors controlling car surface forms over this period of time. Subsequently, it was found that car surface forms were affected in all eras by fashion, technology and other related circumstances. Furthermore, it was possible to identify resulting characteristic surface forms for each era.

Curves' Physical Characteristics and Self-affine Properties

Harada Toshinobu, Mori Norihiko, Sugiyama Kazuo

Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design ( Japanese Society for the Science of Design ) 42 ( 3 ) 33 - 40 1995 [Refereed]

Designers design a car's surfaces by means of tape drawing and drawing curve. However, when the curves are formed, the accurate reproduction of the designed form is limited because of the many defining parameters. This study aimed at to consider the physical characteristics of curves and to abstract the essential problems associated with them. These physical characteristics were first analysed by a number of tests, and subsequently, it was found that "smoothness" of curvature affected a curve's bending energy, shear deformation energy and the reproducibility of the designed curves in production. Further to this, it was proposed that "smoothness" of curvature originated from self-affine properties. It was verified that the most of key lines' curvatures of existing cars had the properties of self-affine. This suggests that a curvature's self-affine properties are a critical factor in designing car surfaces.

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