In the Kinokawa river basin, as same as other watersheds around the world, excess runoff of nutrients to the ocean mainly due to human activities has become an environmental issue. This study conducted high-frequency total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) monitoring at several monitoring posts set downstream of the Kinokawa river in the Kii peninsula, Japan in order to evaluate water pollutant load from the basin quantitatively. The water sampling has been conducted about 90 times for over a year from May in 2018 at the monitoring posts. In the calm or the drought periods, TN and TP concentrations at Kinokawa river mouth were basically about 0.8 similar to 1.1 mg/L and under 0.05 mg/L, respectively. However, TN concentrations was exceeded 5.0 mg/L after one of the most intense storms, it was shown the TN concentration had a tendency extremely to rise rapidly in flooding condition. This tendency was similar in TP. The result of pollutant load analysis showed that 65% of the nitrogen load and 80 % of the phosphorus load from the basin was generated during a few and heavy flooding which were included in 5 % flow exceedance probability. These results imply it is essential that to understand and to predict how nutrients runoff in short-term during flooding events in order to accurately grasp long-term nutrient runoff amount.

In this study, the high-resolution polygonal land cover data of EEA Urban Atlas was applied for land-use characterization in the dynamic multi-basin hydrological model, HYPE. The objective of the study was to compare this dedicated urban land cover data in semi-distributed hydrological modelling with the widely used but less detailed EEA CORINE. The model was set up for a basin including a small town named Svedala in southern Sweden. In order to verify the ability of the HYPE model to reproduce the observed flow rate, the simulated flow rate was evaluated based on river flow time series, statistical indicators and flow duration curves. Flow rate simulated by the model based on Urban Atlas generally agreed better with observations of summer storm events than the CORINE-based model, especially when the daily rainfall amount was 10 mm/day or more, or the flow exceedance probability was 0.02 to 0.5. It suggests that the added value of the Urban Atlas model is higher for heavy-to-medium storm events dominated by direct runoff. To conclude, the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which aims at improving the accuracy of hydrological simulations in urbanized basins, was supported.

 In order to support planning of disaster waste disposal, a numerical model simulating disaster waste transportation and disposal was developed. The proposed model tracks the movement of disaster waste between originating region, temporary storage areas and final disposal site. A crushing/classification process at temporary storage areas, Number of vehicle as a carrier, transit route, a capacity of temporary storage areas and final disposal site are freely settable in the model. The model was applied for a city in Mie prefecture aiming at evaluating of actual disaster waste disposal plan at the time of the occurrence of Nankai Trough earthquake. The result of simulation indicated that a number of crushing/classification equipment and workers were required in order to execute disaster waste disposal.

 HYPE(hydrological predictions for the environment) model was applied for Kinokawa river basin in order to evaluate an applicability of HYPE for Japanese watershed. Firstly, a fundamental HYPE in Kinokawa was constructed by using landuse, soil, topology information based on Swedish HYPE. Secondly, a calibration based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was performed in order to improve prediction accuracy of Kinokawa river flow rate. Then, point and non-point sources of nitrogen and phosphorus were implemented aming at runoff analysis. According to the comparison of simulated and observed nutrient load, it was shown that the accuracy of nutrient load predicted by HYPE was reasonable. In conclusion, it was suggested that HYPE was available for Japanese watershed aiming at water and nutrient runoff analysis.

 This study analized the casuses of landslide disasters occurred in typhoon no. 12 in 2011 on the point of view from rainfall pattern and soil water index(SWI) utilized for landslide forecasting by Japan Meteorological Agency. The results demonstrated followings: Fistly, SWIs showed the similar values regardless of geological charactersistics, rainfall pattern and types of landslide disaster such as debris flow and deep-seated landslide. Secondly, all SWIs at originating points of landslides exceeded the highest SWIs of past rainfall events. Thirdly, SWIs at the spots of debris flow rapidly increased immediately after exceeding the highest SWI due to torrential downpour, the augmentation of SWIs arised from increase of first tank's strage quantity. Finally, SWIs at the spots of deep-seated landslide usually increased gradually by the increase of total strage quantity of second and third tank. These results suggest that monitoring SWI may provide useful input to predict landslide disaster.

&nbsp;Shingu river basin has been damaged with inundation and landslide disasters by frequently occuring rainfalls due to typhoons near Kii peninsula. These damages may become stronger owing to a climate change, thus we need counter-measures to control the damage for the future.<br>&nbsp;In this paper, we first try to reproduce the cumulative rainfall distribution of T1204 by WRF focusing on Shingu river basin. Then, we carried out the pseudo global warming experiment. Finally, the potential area of the landslide disaster was investigated using soil water index based on tank model concept and simulated rainfalls. As the result, it was demonstrated that the proposed method can identify the potential landslide area on some level. The paper briefly summarizes these analysis.

&nbsp;A large variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as chlorinated ethylenes, chlorinated ethanes, chlorinated methanes and benzene were detected in an aquifer at an illegal dumping site. In-situ bioremediation using anaerobic degradation and reductive dechlorination was applied in this site. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of the <i>in-site</i> bioremediation targeted at VOCs, especially dichloromethane (DCM) and benzene under anaerobic conditions by using numerical simulation. As a result, degradation rates of VOCs were several to several ten times larger than one's of under natural aquifer conditions. Especially the degradation rates of DCM and benzene were also several to several ten times than those of under natural aquifer conditions. This finding provides evidences that it was possible to purify DCM and benzene by anaerobic bioremediation.

When applying a distributed hydrological model in urban watersheds, grid-based land-use classification data with 10m resolution are typically used in Japan. For urban hydrological models, the estimation of the impervious area ratio (IAR) of each land-use classification is a crucial factor for accurate runoff analysis. In order to assess the IAR accurately, we created a set of vector-based urban landscape GIS delineation data for a typical urban watershed in Tokyo. By superimposing the vector-based delineation map on the grid-based map, the IAR of each grid-based land-use classification was estimated, after calculating the IARs of all grid cells in the entire urban watershed. As a result, we were able to calculate the frequency distribution of IAR for each land-use classification, as well as the spatial distribution of IARs for the urban watershed. It is evident from the results that the reference values of IAR for the land-use classifications were estimated very roughly and inherited errors of between about 7% and 70%, which corresponds to more than 100mm increase of direct runoff for the 1500mm annual average precipitation.

&nbsp;To improve a precision of flow rate forecasting, water quantity model set-up in consideration of impervious surface is effective. In this study, flow rates forcasting calculated by a dynamic water quality and quantity model, HYPE model incorporating hydrological characteristics on impervious surface were verified. Firstly, a method to set up HYPE model by using a precise land cover data storaging impervious property named Urban Atlas was reviewed. Then, HYPE model were set up with a small and a large scale watersheds. Finally, model performance were evaluated by a comparison between model forcasting and flow rate observation. Evidences show that although proposed HYPE model could be applied water quantity forcasting regardless of catchment special size basically, it was shown that proposed HYPE model has a tendency to underestimate flood concentration time under heavy storm event.

&nbsp;A HYPE (HYdrological Prediction for the Environment) model considering impervious land cover in an urbanized watershed is set up to improve prediction precision of storm runoff. The set-up of the model is based on the Urban Atlas that is polygonal land cover data with impervious information. Firstly accurate impervious area ratios in a target watershed are calculated using the Urban Atlas, and the ratios are set to the HYPE model. Secondly, appropriate parameters to describe hydrological property in an urbanized area are implemented for the HYPE model. The model was applied for the watershed including urbanized area of Svedala, Sweden. It was demonstrated that impervious information obtained by polygonal impervious area ratio data contributed precision improvement of runoff prediction by HYPE model in urbanized area.

&emsp;This study developed a new automated construction method of polygonal blocks using road boundary lines with gaps. Polygonal block data are often used in studies of numerical simulation models for rainfall–runoff and flood inundation analysis. In the developed method, connected boundary lines of a street are first merged into boundary polylines. Secondly, directions of boundary polylines are aligned in a clockwise rotation. Next, gaps of boundary polylines are complemented recursively with straight lines. Finally, the areas enclosed by boundary polylines and complemented lines are output as polygonal blocks. This method was applied for the Kanda catchment. Then the shapes of polygonal blocks were validated. Results show that polygonal blocks can be created using the method outlined herein with few failures.

&nbsp;In this study, an evapotranspiration model that can express the amount of evapotranspiration accounting for differences in soil moisture and permeation characteristics of individual land-surface features is proposed. The model is composed of two components; the pervious area model based on SMPT model to represent the permeation process of the surface soil, and the impervious area model considering depression storage in impervious areas. Furthermore, the pervious area model takes into account the state of the soil moisture and differences in land use of the land-surface features, and estimates the latent and sensible heat using a heat balance equation based on the bulk formula. The model was applied to the highly urbanized upper Kanda River watershed, and the impacts of differences in land use on the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration and land-surface temperature was analyzed.

<p>In this study, a new automated construction method of minute road segments is developed. Numerical simulation models for rainfall-runoff and flood inundation model considering process on roads were based on so-called "Minute road segments" that are formed as simple shape polygons to calculate the flow on roads. In the developed method, firstly crossroads are demarcated from road sections of uninterrupted flow in order to simplify a polygon of road. Secondly road sections and crossroads are divided into minute road segments. The developed method was applied for Kanda catchment and the shapes of minute road segments were validated.It was demonstrated that minute road segments can be created by using the method of this study.</p>

&nbsp;In this study, a new automated construction method of road network data is developed. Road network data is often utilized in studies of numerical simulation models for traffic, rainfall-runoff and flood inundation analysis. In the developed method, firstly crossroads are demarcated from road sections of uninterrupted flow in order to simplify a polygon of road. Secondly road centerlines of road sections and crossroads are generated separately. The developed method was applied for Kanda catchment and the shapes of road network data were validated. It was demonstrated that road network data can be created by using the method of this study without a correction.

In recent years, the use of advanced delineation GIS data (ADGD) has become invaluable in studies that require accurate spatial distribution of land use. However, the preparation of ADGD, especially for urban catchment areas, is often tedious, time consuming and prone to errors, since these are mostly constructed manually using a digitized map. In this study, a computer algorithm (automated construction algorithm) was developed to automatically construct ADGD from a digitized 1:2500 topological map, using only geographical point features and geographic object boundaries that have land use attributes. A portion of the digitized map of the Kanda River basin was used to examine the accuracy of the newly developed algorithm. Evidences show that this algorithm can generate similar to more accurate geographical features when compared with the manual approach. The automated construction algorithm, thus, provide an accurate and efficient alternative in constructing ADGD, which can benefit future GIS-related studies.

本稿ではワダイの防災ジオツアー分析および和歌山大学観光学部学生へのアンケート調査から，ワダイの防災ジオツアーの取り組みの展開可能性と今後の課題について整理する．モニターツアーの分析からは，防災ジオツアーが多世代や家族内で防災について考えるきっかけとなる可能性が確認された．防災ジオツアーを継続的に実施していくためには，ツーリズムとしての価値を高めツアー単価を上げていくことや土産物販売などの波及効果から利益を得ることも必要である．また，防災ジオツアーが企画に関わった南紀熊野ジオパークガイドの次の活動や地域活動にも波及していることが明らかとなり，ツアー単体ではなく地域の防災活動の展開に寄与していることも確認できた．和歌山大学観光学部学生のアンケートからは，若い世代の参加が少ないといった課題に対して，観光を学ぶ学生視点の前向きな提案が集められた．

1980年代バブル経済による中心市街地の地価高騰に対応して，多くの大学キャンパスが郊外丘陵・山地に移転した．新キャンパスは切り盛り地形改変を伴う土地造成により建設された．誘発された周辺宅地開発とあわせ，従前の地域生態系を劣化させた．その後の景気低迷により開発圧が低下する中，郊外キャンパスは里山管理の担い手供給源としての価値も認められる．本報告では，和歌山市郊外の和泉山脈山麓に立地する和歌山大学栄谷キャンパスにおいて，和歌山大学システム工学部学生を主な対象に，キャンパスの立地環境を活用した防災・生態系実習の取り組み内容と経緯を紹介する．GISを活用した新旧地形図比較による土地造成の定量化，UAV(ドローン)を用いた地形変化量の計測，植生調査による環境負荷の計量を通じ，地域生態系を防災・環境の観点から評価するものである．これらの実習成果を時系列で蓄積していくことで，地域生態系モニタリング研究の一助ともなることが期待される．

In this study, a new automated construction method of polygonal calculation lattice based on individual buildings is developed. Building based polygonal calculation lattice is utilized in studies of numerical simulation models for flood inundation analysis considering process of individual building inundation. In the developed method, firstly buildings are simplified to combination of simple figure such as rectangles. Secondly occupied area of each building is calculated by generating skeleton of building. The developed method was applied for actual block including several buildings and the shapes of generated lattice were validated. It was demonstrated that generated lattice can be created based on individual buildings by using proposed method.

It is possible that we know the detail of urban land use using an&nbsp;Advanced delineation GIS data. And We tried to create Tokyo Storm Runoff Model using this GIS Data. This data was too hard to get. Because,in order to get An Advanced delineation GIS data, We needed a lot of hand works. This is the motivatin that we have been Developping an automated construction method of &nbsp;Advanced delineation GIS data. In our research, We checked the new auto-GIS construction method in terms of land use and each shape's geometry. But We haven't tried to use penetration characteristics to check the auto-made &nbsp;Advanced delineation GIS data. So, we try to use&nbsp;&nbsp;penetration characteristics to check it in this paper.<br>

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

土砂災害の調査研究により得られた研究成果や国土交通省近畿地方整備局の防災対策（河川整備計画や斜面崩壊対策など）について学ぶ場となるとともに，土地の成り立ちや災害への備えについて考える機会となり，災害や地域の歴史を正しく理解することを目標とする,日付:9

学術雑誌等の編集委員・査読・審査員等

学会誌の査読委員

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

防災啓発活動

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

和歌山大学災害科学教育研究センターと「想定外」豪雨による地盤災害への対応を考える調査研究委員会（地盤工学会，日本応用地質学会，関西地質調査業協会，中部地質調査業協会合同研究委員会）の調査研究により得られた研究成果や国土交通省近畿地方整備局の防災対策（河川整備計画や斜面崩壊対策など）について学ぶ,日付:17

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

防災啓発活動

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

平成23年台風12号による豪雨と土砂災害で被害を受けた色川地区を中心に、調査研究で得られた成果・防災対策（砂防堰堤など）について、実際の土砂災害現場を巡りながら各専門家からご説明を行った。,日付:4日

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

平成23年台風12号による豪雨と土砂災害の被害について、調査研究で得られた成果や防災対策（砂防堰堤など）について、実際の土砂災害現場や被災地域にて各専門家から説明する防災ジオツアーの開催,日付:11日

公開講座・講演会の企画・講師等

防災をテーマとしたサイエンスカフェの企画・運営