Faculty Profiles - HARA Yuji

Published Papers - HARA Yuji

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"Rural areas" and "urban areas" on the basis of narratives by U/I-Turn dwellers

HANZAWA Seiji, HARA Yuji, SAMPEI Yuki

Bulletin of Institute of Sociology and Social Work, Meiji Gakuin University ( 明治学院大学社会学部付属研究所 ) ( 47 ) 29 - 73 2017.02 [Invited]

Biowaste Reuse Through Composting: The Response of Barangay Holy Spirit in Quezon City, Philippines, to Solid-Waste Management

Yuji Hara

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN SELECTED URBAN REGIONS 2017

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Establishing A Sustainable Community Through Urban and Rural Fusion

Yuji Hara

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN SELECTED URBAN REGIONS 2017

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Feeding Urban Regions: Estimating the Energy Consumption of Domestic Vegetable Supplies for Osaka, Japan

Yuji Hara

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN SELECTED URBAN REGIONS 2017

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Characteristics of Agricultural Conservation Easement in watershed protection program of New York City

SAMPEI Yuki, HARA Yuji, MARCOTULLIO Peter J.

Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ( Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 80 ( 5 ) 701 - 706 2017 [Refereed]

New York City has been implementing the watershed protection program based on the concept of Payment for Ecosystem Services for over 20 years. In this program, the Agricultural Conservation Easement (ACE) is used to designate farmland that provides a secure sustainable supply of ecosystem services. Clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of ACE will help give us valuable insight into its applicability as a Japanese conservation tools. We conducted a study that outlines ACE process, clarifying the characteristics of ACE as the system for sustainable stewardship and as the conservation tool tied to the development in urban centers. The results suggest that conservation system for sustainable supply of Ecosystem Services from farmland has several requirements: 1) a farmland appraisal system that takes into account the farming plan of the individual parcel, 2) technical support for farming viability in addition to easement payments, 3) a strategy based upon the purchase of continuous small farmlands is also important in order to enhance the sustainability of Ecosystem Services in the region as a whole.

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Minabe-Tanabe Ume System:Its landscape Characteristics and the Actual Application Process to GIAHS

HARA Yuji, SAMPEI Yuki （Part： Lead author,　Corresponding author )

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION ( THE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL PLANNING ) 35 ( 3 ) 379 - 382 2016.12 [Invited]

「みなべ・田辺の梅システム」は，平成27年12月15日に，FAO本部で開催された「GIAHS運営・科学合同委員会」において，世界農業遺産に認定された。まず，認定をいただいたこのみなべ・田辺の梅システムとは何なのか。元来稲作に不向きな礫質の斜面に梅を植栽し，地表では草生栽培を行うことで土壌流出を防ぎ有機物の循環もはかる。梅林の上の尾根部にはウバメガシなどから成る薪炭林を残して育成し，高付加価値の紀州備長炭を持続的に生産するとともに，斜面崩壊を防ぐ水源涵養林としての機能も持たせる。梅林と薪炭林にはポリネーターとしてニホンミツバチが生息し，梅林との共生関係を築き上げる。そして梅林下にはため池を配し，下流部の水田や多様な野菜等を生産する畑地を潤す。そして集落に住む人々は，品種改良や農法改善，森林資源管理の努力を惜しまず，400年にわたってこのシステムを持続的に維持してきた。米本位だった時代には，とりわけ条件不利地域であったといえるこの現場で，現在に至るまで農業生産を継続してきたことは，土地荒廃が進行するアジアやその他各地で持続可能な土地利用を実現する上でのモデルとなり得るであろう。

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Transformation of Irrigated Agricultural Landscapes along with Urbanization and its Impact to Distribution of Frog Species in Sakai City, Central Japan

TANI Masatoshi, HARA Yuji, SAMPEI Yuki （Part： Corresponding author )

Papers on Environmental Information Science ( Center for Environmental Information Science ) 30 237 - 242 2016.11 [Refereed]

In this study, we investigated urbanization process and sequential transformation of farmland and irrigation channel management in Sakai City, central Japan, by constructing digital historic canal and farmland maps. Local historic archives and literatures were also used to support this analysis. In addition, we investigated anurans distribution in this area to reinforce our understanding of the urbanization effects into local ecosystem. As the results, we found that, although urbanization had brought canal network and farmland fragmentations, canal management organizations were able to get some merits including stable irrigation water use and considerable donations from urban side. Our anurans investigation showed that adaptation of anurans into urbanization with the expansion of dry rice fields and canal pavements highly depended on species.

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Changes of the diversity of dragonfly in the 1998–2015 in Mohko–Fudodani, Kainan City, Wakayama Prefecture, central Japan

Satoru ARIMOTO, Sakiko ANDO, Aoi KAMEI, Taro NOMURA, Yuji HARA, Atsushi NAKASHIMA

The Nanki seibutsu 58 ( 1 ) 56 - 62 2016.06

Residents' awareness of own/neighborhood greeneries and intention on keeping ownership of their own greeneries in the suburban residential district

SAMPEI Yuki, TAKENAKA Azusa, TERANISHI Ayano, HARA Yuji （Part： Last author )

Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ( Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 79 ( 5 ) 653 - 658 2016.03 [Refereed]

In this study, we investigated the lot owners' awareness of their own and neighborhood greeneries, and examined factors influencing their awareness including personal attributions and life histories as well as surrounding physical urban green environment. We also associated these awareness with potential of continuous maintenance of these greeneries. We selected suburban residential district with considerable greeneries in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, central Japan as case study area, and carried out questionnaire survey to the residents. We also geographically verified distribution of the greeneries, and examined relationships between the above points. As the results, we found that many residents considered their own greeneries as important elements not only for themselves but also for their neighborhoods. However, the residents whose land parcels were less than approximately 200m2 put less value to their greeneries for the neighborhood. We also identified that there were no direct association between the maintenance cost and holding intentions of greeneries, and greenery owners tended to have intentions to hold it throughout their life in the district. These results suggested that parcel fragmentations and generation changes might accelerate loss of urban greeneries with good maintenance.

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LAND USE AND LAND OWNERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF DESIGNATED DISASTER EVACUATION FARMLAND IN SAKAI CITY, JAPAN

Yuji HARA, Takahiro YOSHII, Koji TSUJIMURA, Yuki SAMPEI （Part： Lead author,　Corresponding author )

Memories of the Center for Research and Education of Disaster Reduction, Wakayama University 2 31 - 37 2016.02

本研究では，2011年より防災協力農地制度を導入した大阪府堺市を対象に，インタビュー調査により制度導入プロセスと運用現状を把握した後，現地調査により防災協力農地の空間分布・利用状況と，登記簿の分析により土地所有の状況を明らかにする．それらを空間解析し，防災協力農地の利用・所有特性と，災害時の機能発揮ポテンシャルについて検討した．結果として，本制度は，堺市農業委員会からの申請によりつくられたということ，制度設計にあたって先行する近隣の大阪府貝塚市の制度を参考にしたということ，一時避難場所としての利用を重視しているということが分かった．悉皆調査した防災協力農地の利用状況は，畑が59区画，水田が55区画，果樹が2区画であり，その半数以上で防災協力農地であることを示す看板が確認できなかった．分布指向性空間分析により，防災協力農地は偏在しており，市域全体をカバーするには至っていないことが視覚化された．防災協力農地の所有者総数は35名であり，この35名が悉皆調査した125区画を所有している．所有者の居住地に近い防災協力農地の多くで抵当権が設定されており，農地としての永続性は担保されていないと考えられた．災害時には，市街地周縁では各防災協力農地から400m圏内の住民を一時的に収用するキャパシティがあると推定されたが，市街地中心部ではそもそも防災協力農地の面積と数が少ないため，一時避難機能が十分に発揮されないと考えられた．

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Relationships between Design Concept and User Awareness/Behavior in Greening Space of Suburban Large-scale Commercial Facility

MATSUMOTO Tsuyoshi, HARA Yuji, SAMPEI Yuki （Part： Corresponding author )

Papers on Environmental Information Science ( Center for Environmental Information Science ) 29 7 - 12 2015.11 [Refereed]

Recently creation of green spaces has been proceeding in the suburban commercial facilities. Few studies have focused on the necessary functions for users of these suburban green spaces. In this study, we conducted interview surveys both to landscape designers and users of newly developed commercial facility in the suburbs of Wakayama City, central Japan, and investigated the relationships in expected green space functions between them. As the results, designers' intentions were matched with users' behaviors particularly in viewing and walking. However, installations of symbolic nature designs were not well perceived by users probably because it was too generalized to prefectural scale nature images without detailed considerations of local natural environment in the study area.

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Effectiveness of the designated administrator system in Satoyama landscape management -Case study of Kinki region-

Yuki SAMPEI, Daisuke SAKAGUCHI, Yuji HARA

Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan ( The City Planning Institute of Japan ) 14 187 - 191 2015.09

In order to understand the current implementation of Designated Administrator System to Public Facility with the Satoyama environment, municipal ordinances with the provision of Public Facility etc. and the administrative data of Appointed Business Operator within Kansai Region were widely collected and grouped according to the stage of implementation process. Case study in the park with Satoyama environment was also carried out for deeper understanding of actual management activities. Management diaries were analyzed and in depth interviews were conducted. As the results, it was found that most municipalities have introduced Designated Administrator System, but few Public Facilities with the Satoyama environment were applied. And the implementation was spatially unequally among the municipalities. Our case study indicated that Designated Administrator System had provided some benefits on the facility management, whereas several crucial issues to be solved were also identified for the better management of Satoyama environment. We suggested several points to be improved in the current Designated Administrator System.

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Resilience of traditional rice-dominated agricultural communities to precipitation variability in the North China Plain

Dingyang Zhou, Midori Aoyagi, Tomoo Okayasu, Hirotaka Mastuda, Yuji Hara, Toshiya Okuro, Kazuhiko Takeuchi

CLIMATE RESEARCH ( INTER-RESEARCH ) 62 ( 2 ) 149 - 161 2015 [Refereed]

This study used the concept of resilience as a framework to explore the response of a traditional rice-dominated agricultural society to past climatic variability in the Hai River Basin, North China Plain. In agriculture-based communities, the performance of resilience refers to the functions of cropping and water systems and the flexibility to respond to an uncertain climate. With limited water inflow, the responses to the recent historical precipitation variability in this case study demonstrated that the local people were adjusting to both interannual variability and extreme drought through their collective and individual actions. In the short term, the local people coped by adjusting the planting area and individually switching from planting paddy rice to less water-intensive crops in order to adapt to a severe, continuing drought. However, because of poor management of the water system by community leaders and the lack of an adequate budget for the collective action of rice cropping, the shift in land use to rice cropping as an adaptation to the recent increased precipitation was not usually reversible. In the long term, the agricultural production of most villages became less resilient to current precipitation variability, despite the intention of most villagers to change the current cropping system to improve their low household staple food self-sufficiency. This study indicated that over the long term the social resilience and adaptive capacity of agricultural communities and their associated stakeholders must be built on and enhanced to better cope with the constraints and opportunities of current climate variability. New institutional arrangements, including collective irrigation regimes and community leadership capabilities, are required to build social resilience and to enhance adaptive capacity for future uncertainties.

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Assessing supply-demand balance of nitrogen toward local-scale organic material circulation: a case studyof suburban residential district in Metro Manila

SAMPEI Yuki, HARA Yuji, MURAKAMI Akinobu, PALIJON Armand, TSUCHIYA Kazuaki, YOKOHARI Makoto

Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ( Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 77 ( 5 ) 697 - 700 2014.05 [Refereed]

This study focused on assessing supply-demand balance of nitrogen in compost/vegetable productions at vacant lots in subdivisions as well as in barangays, in Quezon City in Metro Manila. We obtained data on the recommended rate of fertilizer application per each vegetable from the precedent studies. The analysis of composition of sample compost was conducted and a total nitrogen amount of locally produced compost was estimated. GIS was used for understanding spatial characteristics of nitrogen balance. We found that almost half of the subdivisions were faced to oversupply though several subdivisions were deemed to be in quite short supply. Cooperation among subdivisions in each barangay had a potential of better nitrogen balance; however, the current centralized composting facilities might not be good support for continued compost recycle system because of their distribution patterns. We proposed that the current barangay-based policies on organic waste management and urban agriculture should be more flexible and more attentions to coordinating system between subdivisions across barangay boundaries. This scheme can contribute to further organic material recycling within living spaces, thereby promoting sustainable living spaces in the suburban residential area.

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Opening process, management, and the agricultural function in selected roof-top vegetable gardens

Yamaji Keita, Taguchi Masaru, Hara Yuji, Tsuchiya Kazuaki, Sampei Yuki （Part： Corresponding author )

Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ( Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 77 ( 5 ) 643 - 648 2014.05 [Refereed]

Recently, the roof-top vegetable gardens for rent have been drawing public attentions, particularly urbanites. We focused on the agricultural production and promotion functions of these gardens, and conducted interviews and participatory investigations to evaluate these functions. We selected 4 sample gardens in Osaka-Kobe region according to types of management agencies, and interviewed managers on the issues about opening processes and management policies. Through the interviews, we identified that one of the 4 sample gardens managed by NPO had higher attentions to the agricultural functions. Hence we had participated in this garden as a user, and made in-depth interviews with managers and users. We also measured vegetable volumes produced by users in round number. We found a mismatch between the manager's policy to enhance agriculture itself and the users' wills to enjoy a harvest only. Nevertheless, we estimated good production potential that could be competitive to the national average in the ordinary ground farmland.

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Effects of urban development with landform transformation on flooding patters in peri-urban Bangkok:Case of Flood in 2011

Shinya Masato, Tsuchiya Kazuaki, Hara Yuji, Thaitakoo Danai （Part： Corresponding author )

Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan ( The City Planning Institute of Japan ) 48 ( 3 ) 783 - 788 2013.10 [Refereed]

In 2011, Thailand experienced serious damages by flood disaster. Flood damage around Bangkok is expected to increase dramatically due to rapid urbanization. Purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of elevation, flooded depth and period in an urbanizing area in Nonthaburi Province, the suburbs of Bangkok Metropolitan Region,Thailand. We used flood distribution maps in time series provided by GISTDA, Thailand and digital land-use database for 2008 provided by Nonthaburi Province for overlay analysis using GIS. We also surveyed land level and flood depth in 2012. Elevation and flood depth were closely related. The results showed that flood depth have been influenced by land filling in residential and road development. Determinants of flood period were East-west directions, land use types, and farmland size. Both flood depth and period were affected by the expansion of urban land uses with landfilling. Remaining large-size farmlands can store floodwater for longer period.

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Potential and observed food flows in a Chinese city: a case study of Tianjin

Dingyang Zhou, Hirotaka Matsuda, Yuji Hara, Kazuhiko Takeuchi

AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES ( SPRINGER ) 29 ( 4 ) 481 - 492 2012.12 [Refereed]

This study examines the food flow in Tianjin, divided into three areas (urban, suburban, and rural), as a case study to gain a better understanding of local and regional food flows and ecosystem performance. The study has the following objectives: (1) to evaluate the capacity for self-sufficiency within Tianjin's administrative boundary by estimating a self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) using statistical data at both the city and local scales, (2) to estimate food flow at the city scale from field surveys of the local markets and statistics provided by the local government, and (3) to examine the real flows of the two primary types of arable crops (cereal grains and vegetables) at the local level by conducting semi-structured household interviews. The results of this study show that Tianjin has experienced a rapid increase of self-sufficiency capacity since the 1980s, and it appears to have the capacity to support the citizens within its borders. Rural areas have had a surplus in all of the studied food categories since the 1980s, and suburban areas have a history of high estimated SSR for vegetables, poultry, and fish. However, a low degree of locally sourced product flow was observed in this study. Most of the local cereal crops were consumed in the agricultural production areas, but 70 % of the vegetables produced in the rural areas flowed outside of Tianjin and did not support Tianjin local consumption. To reduce its vulnerability to food security issues and to promote a more environmentally desirable local food system, Tianjin needs to recognize the high productivity of its local ecosystem and reduce its dependence on other remote ecosystems for its food needs. A stronger relationship between urban and rural areas should also be established.

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Study on the fire-protection characteristics of green spaces in central Sakai City

Kagioka, M, Hara, Y, Tsuchiya, K （Part： Corresponding author )

Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 8 99 - 110 2012.10 [Refereed]

The purpose of this study is to include among close-at-hand shelter zones urban green spaces other than parks, and to examine the safety that those spaces provide against fires in terms of lot size, tree coverage ratio, and the fire-protection functions of trees. For our study we chose the district in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture. This study found that because the tree coverage ratio, which affects a shelter zone’s defense against fire, is changed by the effect of the tree canopy and not by lot size, it is necessary to use methods which ensure a good crown spread, such as planting tree species whose crowns spread well, improving pruning methods, and planting trees closer to the center of a lot. Our study also found that despite the small sizes of lots, many good fire-protection tree species had been planted.

The effects of land use policies on the continuity of agricultural management and self-consumption of agricultural products in peri-urban area

Tsuchiya Kazuaki, Hara Yuji, Miyagawa Tomoko

Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan ( The City Planning Institute of Japan ) 47 ( 3 ) 223 - 228 2012.10 [Refereed]

We examined the relative impacts of land use policy on the continuity of agricultural management in the peri-urban area of Osaka city region to determine an appropriate institutional framework for enhancing ecological services of peri-urban agriculture. The study employed GIS analysis for detecting the distribution of farmlands and combined field survey on the management conditions and surrounding land uses of farmlands. We found that the conditions of agricultural management were affected both by land use policy and surrounding land uses. It also became clear that small agricultural plots were likely to be seen in highly urbanized areas. This suggests that it will be necessary to consider self-growing activities by urban citizens as in terms of sustainable management of peri-urban farmlands.

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Neglected Canals: Deterioration of Indigenous Irrigation System by Urbanization in the West Peri-Urban Area of Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Vudipong Davivongs, Makoto Yokohari, Yuji Hara （Part： Last author )

WATER ( MDPI AG ) 4 ( 1 ) 12 - 27 2012.03 [Refereed]

This paper discusses the deterioration of indigenous irrigation system traditionally developed in the past to serve the peri-urban agricultural lands that have been affected by rapid urbanization in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The study is based on data collection from mapping, field survey and interview analyses and identifies current canal deteriorating conditions in four categories: filled, covered, narrowed and shallow, and normal. The findings reveal that different types of canal deteriorations are associated with their private ownership. A typology of land configurations of urban and non-urban land uses along private canals is pointed out in order to understand their relation with canal deterioration types. Caused by urbanization, the degradation of the existing canal networks has provoked conflicts between local farmers and new proprietors, especially real estate developers. Such canal deterioration essentially reduces their ability to convey a water supply to feed agricultural lands, consequently leading to the discontinuation of land use for agriculture and its eventual transformation into urban developments.

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Published Papers - HARA Yuji