Faculty Profiles - NAKASHIMA Atsushi

Published Papers - NAKASHIMA Atsushi

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都市近郊コナラ二次林の林床植生保全に関する研究-東京都,武蔵野台地における事例的研究-

根本淳,養父志乃夫,中島敦司

土木学会環境システム研究論文集,第27巻 27 pp.339-345 - 345 1999.10 [Refereed]

本研究では,都市近郊のコナラ二次林の林床植生保全指針を明らかにする目的で,武蔵野台地のコナラ二次林における林床植生と踏圧,下草刈り,林分面積,周辺土地利用,周辺人口の関係を解析した.その結果,周辺の市街化が進行したことで人為管理が停止したことで放置された林分では,林床植生が極めて貧化することを認めた.そして,林床植生の生物多様性保全のためには,樹林内への人間の立ち入りの制限と,刈り払い等の定期的な植生管理が重要であると指摘した.

アカマツの土用芽の発生と翌春の雄花と雌花の開花の関係

櫛田達矢・中島敦司・永田洋

日本林学会誌,第81巻第2号 pp.109-115 1999.05 [Refereed]

本研究では,重要な温帯樹木であるアカマツの土用芽の発生が翌春の雄花と雌花の開花に及ぼす影響について,温度環境との関連から解析した.その結果,アカマツの土用芽の発生は,雄花の分化形成を促進し,このために翌春の雌花の開花が抑制されることが明らかとなった.そして,地球温暖化にともなう早春の温度上昇は,アカマツの土用芽の発生割合を上昇させ,それにともない,翌春の雄花数の増加と雌花数の減少が引き起こされ,生態系内での性比が変化していく可能性を指摘した.

春季の加温処理によるアカマツの土用芽の誘導

櫛田達矢・中島敦司・永田洋

日本林学会誌,第81巻第1号 pp.57-64 1999.03 [Refereed]

本研究では,重要な温帯樹木であるアカマツの土用芽の発生要因について,温度環境との関連から解析した.その結果,アカマツの土用芽は,早春の加温すなわち温度上昇が早まることにによって数ヶ月後に発生しやすくなることが明らかとなった.そして,地球温暖化にともなう早春の温度上昇は,アカマツの土用芽の発生を促進する等,年間の成長パターンや季節変化に影響し,このため,フェノロジーニッチや分布域を変化させる可能性のあることを指摘した.

Studies of External Environment Factors Inducing Apical Growth Cessation in Seedlings of Idesia Polycarpa.

LIU Zhen, KUSHIDA Tatsuya, NAKASHIMA Atsushi, NAGATA Hiroshi

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 35 487 - 494 1998.11 [Refereed]

Four experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of Photoperiod, nutrition, temperature on apical growth cessation in the first year and the second year old seedlings of Idesia polycarpa from Okinawa and Mie prefectures origin respectively located in the subtropical zone and the temperate zone. The results showed that even though growth increments of the seedlings from Mie were affected by photoperiod under the nutrient stress condition, growth cessation did not be influenced by photoperiod, but by nutrition and temperature. Low level of nutrtion conditions resulted in earlier growth cessation than high level. The seedlings transferred into the growth chambers regulated at 25&deg;C constantly from July 15th stopped growth earlier than those growing under outdoor which the mean temperature was over 25&deg;C. Furthermore, the number of the leaf primordia that existed in the shoot apex increased to about nine before growth cessation. Finally, there seemed no difference of the induction to the growth cessation among the seedlings of two latitudinal origin.

DOI

Studies on the formation of wetland type biotop with recycled water in the industrail open space of the bay coast

養父志乃夫,中島敦司,秋山敏彦,竹藤正俊,長野修（Part： Corresponding author )

Environmental Engineering Research,Vol.35 ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 35 pp.295-303 - 303 1998.11 [Refereed]

本研究では,湾岸工場地帯における湿地型ビオトープの整備手法を明らかにする目的で,生活処理水を水源とする実験用の湿地型ビオトープを試験造成し,施工2カ月及び5カ月後の環境構造と生きものの生息状況を調べた.その結果,湾岸工場地帯のようなビオトープネットワークから分断されがちな場所でも生きものの生息に必要な環境構造の整備によって,昆虫を中心とした生物種が定着することを明らかにした.また,湿地型ビオトープ内では成育する水生植物や植物プランクトンによって生活処理水中の窒素,燐,カリウムが減少することを指摘した.

DOI

Effects of winter chilling on the flowering and shoot elongation of Rhododendron indicum Sweet

中島敦司,櫛田達矢,養父志乃夫,永田洋（Part： Lead author )

Environmental Engineering Research,Vol.35 35 pp.477-485 - 485 1998.11 [Refereed]

本研究では,重要な緑化木であるサツキツツジの開花生理特性を明らかにする目的で,供試個体を12月4日から5℃の低温室と野外に0,40,60日間置いた後,25℃恒温,25/18℃のチャンバーへ移して加温する処理を施した.この結果,低温を与えずに加温すると多くの花芽が枯損することを認め,本種が12月初旬に冬休眠期にあること明らかにした.また,別に実施した日長処理実験から,本種花芽の休眠解除後の開花が温度依存の反応であることを指摘した.

City climate modifications resulting form the irrigated paddy field

山田宏之,老川順子,養父志乃夫,中島敦司

Environmental Systems Reseach,Vol.26 pp.303-309 1998.10 [Refereed]

埼玉県幸手市を対象に,水田湛水前後に都市気温分布の測定を実施した.気温分布の測定結果は,いずれも市街地中心付近の建築物密集地域で最高温であり,周辺の水田地帯との気温差は,無湛水状態で1.5℃程度,湛水状態では最大2.5℃以上に達した.各測定点における水田被覆率と気温間の回帰分析の結果,気温低減率は,無湛水時に水田被覆率10%あたり0.10℃,湛水時には0.20℃と計算され,湛水時には気温低減率が2倍となっていることが示された.

都市近郊におけるコナラ二次林の林床植生と踏圧,植生管理,林分面籍及び周辺環境の関係

根本淳,養父志乃夫,中島敦司

土木学会環境システム研究論文集,第26巻 ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 26 pp.1-11 - 11 1998.10 [Refereed]

本研究では,都市近郊のコナラ二次林の管理指針を明らかにする目的で,林床植生と踏圧,下草刈り,林分面積,周辺土地利用,周辺人口の関係を調べた.その結果,周辺の市街化が進行し放置された林分では,林床に成育する草花を被圧する潅木が成長することと土壌硬度が著しく上昇することによって林床植生の生物多様性が貧化することを認めた.そして,林床植生の種多様性保全のためには,樹林内への人間の立ち入りの制限と,刈り払い等の定期的な植生管理が重要であると指摘した.

DOI

冬季の温度環境がイイギリ頂芽の開芽に及ぼす影響

劉震,中島敦司,櫛田達矢,北岡哲,永田洋

土木学会環境システム研究論文集,第26巻 ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 26 pp.239-244 - 244 1998.10 [Refereed]

本研究では,亜熱帯から温帯にかけて緯度的に広く分布する落葉広葉樹イイギリの成育と分布に対する温暖化の影響を検討する目的で,生態型の異なる沖縄県産と三重県産個体の頂芽の休眠現象について調べた.その結果,降霜のない沖縄県で得られた個体でも,冬芽は休眠することが明らかとなり,これらの個体群を中部日本に移植しても越冬できることを認めた.また,南方系個体群に着生した冬芽の休眠は浅く,大幅な温暖化が起こらない限り,開芽率が著しく低下するような異常現象は発現しない可能性を指摘した.

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The Growth Characteristics at Young Stage of three Species of Quercus for Planting

KOMABASHIRI Hiroyuki, YABU Shinobu, NAKASHIMA Astushi, YAMADA Hiroyuki

Landscape Research Japan Online ( The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 61 ( 5 ) 501 - 504 1998.03 [Refereed]

We studied annual growth characteristics of young plants of Quercus acuta, Q. glauca, and Q. salicina. Q. acuta increased the tree height from early April to early October. Q. glauca increased the tree height from early April to early September. Q. salicina increased the tree height from early April to mid-October. All of them showed flashes four to five times during each period. All of the three species increased the stem diameter between early April and late November. Periods when the increasing rate of the total leaf area of a whole tree showed maxima were different among three species and the age within a species. However, all of the species began to increase the total leaf area in early April, and stopped the increasing in late October, irrespective of species and age. These results showed that young plants of three species had a similar growth characteristics.

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The Effects of the Temperature and other Several Conditions of the Seed of nine Species in Fagaceae for Planting on Germination

YABU Shinobu, KOMABASHIRI Hiroyuki, NAKASHIMA Astushi, YAMADA Hiroyuki

Landscape Research Japan Online ( The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 61 ( 5 ) 497 - 500 1998.03 [Refereed]

In order to clarify the effects of storage term and post-storage temperature on germination of the seeds of nine species in Fagaceae, germination speed and germination rate were examined using the seeds stored under a wet(75%RH) and cold (4℃) condition. Experimental conditions were as follows. (1)Post-storage temperature : 9℃, 16℃, 23℃, 30℃ and 35℃. (2)Storage term. Long(127-175 days) and short(15-70 days). Germination speed and germination rate of Quercus myrsinaefolia and Q. acuta were higher in long-term storage. Germination speed of Q. glauca was higher in long-term storage. On the other hand, germination speed and germination rate of Q. serrata and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii were lower in long-term storage. Germination speed and germination rate of Q. salisina were the highest at 23℃, and those of Q. gllva were the highest at 16℃. Germination rate of Q. acutissima under temperatures between 9 and 30℃ were over 80%. Germination speed and germination rate of Pasania edulis were the highest at 9℃ and 30℃, respectively. Each species of Fagaceae had their own germination characteristics affected by temperature. And geographical difference of germination characteristics within a species were not clear.

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緑化用ブナ科植物9種の種子発芽における温度特性

養父志乃夫,駒走裕之,中島敦司

日本造園学会ランドスケープ研究,第61巻第5号 pp.497-500 1998.03 [Refereed]

本研究では,9種のブナ科樹種の発芽温度特性を検討した.その結果,アラカシ,シラカシ,アカガシの種子は低温湿層で長期保存することで,発芽率,発芽速度とも上昇するが,コナラ,スダジイでは低下することが明らかなった.さらに,ウラジロガシ,イチイガシは,それぞれ23℃と16℃で発芽率,発芽速度ともに最大となること等を認めた.これらの結果をもとに,ブナ科樹木の効率的な生産のためには,種別の発芽温度特性を活かした育苗管理が重要であると指摘した.

緑化用カシ類3種の幼木の成長特性

駒走裕之,養父志乃夫,中島敦司

日本造園学会ランドスケープ研究,第61巻第5号 pp.501-504 1998.03 [Refereed]

本研究では,アラカシ,アカガシ,ウラジロガシの3種の緑化用カシ類の1～5年生までの幼木時の成長特性について検討した.その結果,いずれの種も4月中下旬から伸長成長を開始し,フラッシュを1年間に4～5回繰り返しながら秋季まで伸長成長することを認めた.一方,肥大成長は3樹種とも4月上旬から始まり11月中旬まで徐々に継続することを確認した.これらの結果をもとに,カシ類の効率的な生産のためには,種別の成長特性を活かした育成管理が重要であると指摘した.

The effect of irrigated paddy fields to reduce the daytime air temperature in Satte city

YAMADA Hiroyuki, OIKAWA Junko, YABU Shinobu, NAKASHIMA Atsushi

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 26 303 - 309 1998 [Refereed]

The research was carried out to examine how paddy fields could influence to the climate in the city. In 1993, the air temperature in Satte city of Saitama Prefecture in Japan was investigated both before and after the period of irrigation to the paddy fields. Each record was transferred onto the area map by introducing appropriate isotherms to illustrate a distribution pattern of the air temperature measured. From the aerial photographs, each representative point was confined to the center of the circle with a diameter of 500m and the ratio of the area covered by paddy fields (%) was calculated. To estimate the influence of the paddy fields to the city climate, the relation between air temperature and the land covering ratio of paddy fields was analyzed by the stratified sample regression analysis. The regression equations showed that the cooling effect of paddy fields remarkably changed from before to after the irrigation to the paddy fields. The estimate effect at 10% of the paddy fields covering ratio was 0.10°C before irrigating to the paddy fields, while 0.20°C after the irrigation completed.

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Stand structure of `ecological tree planting' site within a industrial open space at bay shore on the eighteenth year planting

中島敦司, 養父志乃夫, 山田宏之, 駒走裕之（Part： Lead author )

Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ( The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 61 ( 5 ) 505 - 510 1998 [Refereed]

In order to explicate the formation of the stand structure of 'ecological tree planting' site, we investigated the conditions of the stand in a bay shore power station at Himeji city on the eighteenth year after planting. Vegetation of the upper layer were mainly composed of Machilus thunbergu, Lithocarpus eduhs and Ligusturm lucidum. Many seedlings of Rhaphiolepis umbllata and Ligusturm lucidum grew on the stratum on the ground surface. The formation of some vegetation layers was recognized, which was caused by gap formation. The soil stratum within carbon and nitrogen extended to deeper layer from the planting time. Furthermore, those formation was emphasized by the recognition of some species of cicadas with the cast-off shells and forester insects. However, the flonstic composition in the stand was different from that of Photinia glabra-Castanopsis cuspidata association, a natural vegetation around the investigated area.

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Efeect of temperature condition in winter on the terminal buds sprouting in Idesia polycarpa

Zhen Liu, Atsushi NAKASHIMA, Tatsuya KUSHIDA, Satoshi KITAOKA, Hiroshi NAGATA

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 26 239 - 244 1998 [Refereed]

At 15-day intervals from October 8th in 1996, we transferred Idesia polycarpa seedlings gathered from Okinawa and Mie Prefectures into three growth-chambers regulated at 10, 15 or 25°C under 24hours day length, and investigated sprouting processes of terminal buds. Concerning the treatments of 15 and 25 t, on February 10th and 25th we also transferred Okinawa and Mie seedlings into these chambers. Further, in addition to these temperature treatments, we transferred Okinawa plants into 10 and 15°C chambers on March 12th. There were the periods that terminal buds were difficult to sprout under 25°C. For the terminal buds of Okinawa and Mie seedlings, it seemed that the minimum temperature to sprout buds dropped to at least 10°C under the condition of 10°C, while under 15 and 25°C it scarcely dropped. Among 10°C treatments, however, the days required to sprout seemed to be different, which were shorter in the treatments from January 23th on as compared with those until mid-December. It shows that the minimum temperature to sprout droppped greater in the outdoor than under the condition at lot.

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庭園に飛来する鳥類の環境構造に対する選択性に関する研究

養父志乃夫,中島敦司,江崎正裕,中尾史郎（Part： Corresponding author )

土木学会環境システム研究論文集,第25巻 25 pp.45-49 - 49 1997.10 [Refereed]

本研究では,人間の生活空間に鳥類を誘致するための環境整備指針を明らかにする目的で,田園地域の伝統的な日本庭園に飛来する鳥類の環境構造に対する選択性を調べた.その結果,庭園特有の環境構造を選択した種は,田園地域とはいえども大都市の緑地を餌場や休息地に活用する鳥種に限定されることを明らかにした.さらに,鳥類の誘致のためには目印となるような高木,あるいは果実等の食餌条件を有する花木や果樹を植栽することが重要であると指摘した.

サザンカにおける土用芽の発生と花芽の形成および開花の関係

中島敦司,養父志乃夫,櫛田達矢,永田洋（Part： Lead author )

日本林学会誌,第79巻第2号 pp.69-75 1997.05 [Refereed]

本研究では,重要な緑化木であるサザンカの土用芽の発生と花芽の形成及び開花の関係を人工気象室を用いた育成実験の結果から生理生態的に解析した.その結果,花芽の形成割合ならびに開花率と不時開芽である土用芽の発生割合はいずれも負の関係にあることを認めた.さらに,土用芽は花芽の形成されなかったシュートにおいてのみ発生することを明らかにし,サザンカの栄養成長と生殖成長が相互抑制の関係にあることを指摘した.この指摘は,植物生理学上きわめて重要なものと位置づけられる.

Environmental conditions of the flower settings on some species of wild plants growing in the secondary forest at the hill

NAKASHIMA Atsushi, YABU Shinobu, ISHIWATA Kazuo, SAEKI Takashi, SAITO Singo, OHSAWA Mitsuru （Part： Lead author )

Environmental Engineering Research ( Japan Society of Civil Engineers ) 34 291 - 296 1997 [Refereed]

We investigated some environmental conditions for the flower settings in six species of wild plants growing in the secondary forest dominanted of Pinus densiflola and Quercus serrata at Namegawa town, Saitama prefecture; Lilium auratum, Lysimachia clethroides, Hosta montana, Pruella valgaris var. lilacina, Eupatorium chinense, Cirsium tanakae. The environmental conditions examined were relative light intensity, moisture of soil and vegetation at the forest. Most of all the wild plants grew at bright conditions whose relative light intensities for flower settings were over 10%. Absolute light intensities for the flowers setting were over 2, 000lux. In general, all the wild plants grew in the vegetation of Pleiobalastus chino var. chino. Moisture of soil at the study site where the plants growing was between 28% and 40%, irrespective of the flower settings. Thus, moisture of soil was not important for the flower settings of those wild plants. These results suggested that the light intensity is the most inpotant factor that were examined for the flower setting among the environmental conditions.

DOI

Ecological studies on the conservation of Nannophya pygmaea RAMBUR population and habitats

YABU Shinobu, NAKASHIMA Atsushi

Journal of the Japanses Institute of Landscape Architecture ( The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture ) 60 ( 4 ) 324 - 328 1997 [Refereed]

Vegetations, land formations, water quality, and relative light intensity around the habitats of Nannophya pygmaea RAMBUR were investigated in Motegi town, Tochigi prefecture, Japan. Vegetations which most imagines choiced were studied by their behaviors, such as flying, feeding and resting. As a result, territories of the imagines were formed m vegetations composed of Polygonum nipponense and Aneilema japonica, or Juncus effusus and Mosla dianthera. There were small and shallow ponds in the vegetations. The average relative light intensity on the ground surface was about 85 percentages. Feedings and resting for the imagines were found at J.effusus and Miscanthus sinensis comumties around the territories. Changes of the water levels of the ponds in the territories were very little from July to August and the water depths were about 1 to 3 centimeters. The water quality in their habitats was oligotrophic during this period.

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Published Papers - NAKASHIMA Atsushi